The Developmental Process of Xylem Embolisms in Pine Wilt Disease Monitored by Multipoint Imaging Using Compact Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Umebayashi, Toshihiro; Fukuda, Kenji; Haishi, Tomoyuki; Sotooka, Ryo; Sule, Zuhair; Otsuki, Kyoichi

doi:10.1104/pp.110.170282

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As infection progresses, embolized tracheids rapidly enlarge and water potential decreases ultimately leading to abrupt cavitation in the whole xylem area (Umebayashi et al 2011). At this stage, cavitation effects appear to be promoted by increase in production of terpenes by ethylene cues (Wang et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

Faria

Sena

Silva

et al. 2015

Planta

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Main conclusion Co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were established as a biotechnological tool to evaluate the effect of nematotoxics addition in a host/parasite culture system.The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), was detected for the first time in Europe in 1999 spreading throughout the pine forests in Portugal and recently in Spain. Plant in vitro cultures may be a useful experimental system to investigate the plant/nematode relationships in loco, thus avoiding the difficulties of field assays. In this study, Pinus pinaster in vitro cultures were established and compared to in vivo 1 year-old plantlets by analyzing shoot structure and volatiles production. In vitro co-cultures were established with the PWN and the effect of the phytoparasite on in vitro shoot structure, water content and volatiles production was evaluated. In vitro shoots showed similar structure and volatiles production to in vivo maritime pine plantlets. The first macroscopic symptoms of PWD were observed about 4 weeks after in vitro co-culture establishment. Nematode population in the culture medium increased and PWNs were detected in gaps of the callus tissue and in cavities developed from the degradation of cambial cells. In terms of volatiles main components, plantlets, P. pinaster cultures, and P. pinaster with B. xylophilus co-cultures were all b-and a-pinene rich. Cocultures may be an easy-to-handle biotechnological approach to study this pathology, envisioning the understanding of and finding ways to restrain this highly devastating nematode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

Faria

Sena

Silva

et al. 2015

Planta

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“…Despite the availability of NMR, studies using this technology are largely focused to the spread of embolism over long periods of time (e.g. weeks [Umebayashi et al, 2011] or months [Pérez-Donoso et al, 2007]) rather than the shortterm dynamics of embolism spread over the course of a few hours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Visualizations of Drought-Induced Embolism Spread in Vitis vinifera

et al. 2013

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Long-distance water transport through plant xylem is vulnerable to hydraulic dysfunction during periods of increased tension on the xylem sap, often coinciding with drought. While the effects of local and systemic embolism on plant water transport and physiology are well documented, the spatial patterns of embolism formation and spread are not well understood. Using a recently developed nondestructive diagnostic imaging tool, high-resolution x-ray computed tomography, we documented the dynamics of drought-induced embolism in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plants in vivo, producing the first three-dimensional, highresolution, time-lapse observations of embolism spread. Embolisms formed first in the vessels surrounding the pith at stem water potentials of approximately -1.2 megapascals in drought experiments. As stem water potential decreased, embolisms spread radially toward the epidermis within sectored vessel groupings via intervessel connections and conductive xylem relays, and infrequently (16 of 629 total connections) through lateral connections into adjacent vessel sectors. Theoretical loss of conductivity calculated from the high-resolution x-ray computed tomography images showed good agreement with previously published nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and hydraulic conductivity experiments also using grapevine. Overall, these data support a growing body of evidence that xylem organization is critically important to the isolation of drought-induced embolism spread and confirm that air seeding through the pit membranes is the principle mechanism of embolism spread.

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“…MR techniques have been used to study the sap flow in xylem (Johnson et al, 1987;Köckenberger et al, 1997;Scheenen et al, 2007;Van As, 2007;Wistuba et al, 2000) as well as in its embolism occurrence (Clearwater & Clark, 2003;Fukuda et al, 2007;Holbrook et al, 2001;Umebayashi et al, 2011;Utsuzawa et al, 2005). In contrast to MRI, images obtained by synchrotron X-ray has higher spatial resolution, with possibility to obtain in real time.…”

Section: Water Status Determined By Mri Techniques In Buds During Dormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Umebayashi et al (2011) monitored the developmental process of xylem embolism in Pine wilt disease by using a compact magnetic resonance imaging system with a U-shaped probe coil. Kimura et al (2011) adapted a probe with a local electromagnetic shielding, and a flexible rotation and translation mechanism in an electric wagon system.…”

Section: Water Status Determined By Mri Techniques In Buds During Dormentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Consequences of Global Warming in Water Dynamics During Dormancy Phase in Temperate Zone Fruit Crops

Yamamoto¹,

Mello-Farias²,

Simões³

et al. 2012

Global Warming - Impacts and Future Perspectives

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The Developmental Process of Xylem Embolisms in Pine Wilt Disease Monitored by Multipoint Imaging Using Compact Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

In Vivo Visualizations of Drought-Induced Embolism Spread in Vitis vinifera

Study of the Consequences of Global Warming in Water Dynamics During Dormancy Phase in Temperate Zone Fruit Crops

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