The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use

Donald, Kirsten A.; Fernandez, Anne C.; Claborn, Kasey; Kuo, Caroline; Koen, Nastassja; Zar, Heather J.; Stein, Dan J.

doi:10.1186/s12981-017-0153-z

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In a cross-sectional study of 633 HIV-seropositive African women, 48.7% of the sample had depressed mood 6 . Donald et al 21 reported moderate or high depression in 35.88% of postpartum women infected with HIV, similar to the rate found in our study. Such studies have shown concordance in their results, in which HIV-seropositive pregnant women have higher rates of depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The literature reports increased use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs among HIV-seropositive pregnant women 19,20 . A 2017 study on pregnant African women found a smoking rate of 32.7% 21 , similar to that found in our study (33.8%). In the present study, the similar use of drugs and alcohol in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive women may be due to the embarrassment of responding positively in the immediate postpartum period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on the quality of life of HIV-seropositive and seronegative pregnant women

Zoche¹,

Bosa²,

Chaves³

et al. 2019

Clin. Biomed. Res.

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Introduction: Depression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals has been associated with reduced quality of life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on mean quality of life scores in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative postpartum women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with two groups: 80 HIV-seropositive and 80 HIV-seronegative postpartum women. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life short-version scale were used to assess presence of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of depressive symptoms, HIV exposure and interaction between depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on mean quality of life scores, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Depressive symptoms were present in 35% (28) of HIV-seropositive and 17.5% (14) of HIV-seronegative participants (p = 0.02). The interaction between depressive symptoms and HIV exposure was not significant for any quality of life domain. The main effect of HIV exposure was also not significant. Depressive symptoms had a negative influence on quality of life scores in all domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The quality of life of pregnant women is negatively influenced by the presence of depressive symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on the quality of life of HIV-seropositive and seronegative pregnant women

Zoche¹,

Bosa²,

Chaves³

et al. 2019

Clin. Biomed. Res.

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“…Exposure to alcohol, tobacco and recreational drugs has a dose-related impact on child growth and development [48, 49]. This is potentially through direct toxicity, augmentation of inflammatory upregulation, as well as poorer maternal health-seeking and parenting behaviour.…”

Section: Pathogenesis—universal Pathways Versus Hiv-specific Pathways?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: a Conceptual Framework

et al. 2019

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Purpose of Review The population of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children is expanding rapidly, and over one million HEU infants are born each year globally. Several recent studies have reported that HEU children, particularly in low-and middleincome countries, are at risk of poor outcomes, including impaired growth and neurodevelopment. However, the reasons for poor clinical outcomes amongst HEU children remain unclear. Recent Findings We summarise the findings from recent large studies that have characterised growth and neurodevelopment in HEU children, identified risk factors and explored underlying mechanistic pathways. We propose a conceptual framework to explain how exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to adverse growth and neurodevelopment in uninfected children, and review the available evidence and research gaps. Summary We propose that HEU children are affected both indirectly, through the augmentation of universal risk factors underlying poor growth and neurodevelopment, and directly through HIV/ART-specific pathways, which ultimately may converge through a series of common pathogenic mechanisms. In the era of universal ART, a better understanding of these pathways is crucial to inform future prevention and intervention strategies. Keywords HIV-exposed uninfected. Child. Growth. Stunting. Early child development 1000 days) represent a highly sensitive period of development, during which substantial physical growth, including brain maturation, occurs [7]. Early fetal exposures are recognised to have long-term consequences for the child Catherine J. Wedderburn and Ceri Evans contributed equally to this work.

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“…Maternal use of tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy, as well as, in the period prior to conception, and thereafter, determine the health outcomes of children [ 28 ]. Alcohol use during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, preterm delivery, and foetal alcohol syndrome [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. This is because alcohol during pregnancy exposes a child to inadequate essential nutrients through a compromised nutritional status of the mother [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Relation to Child Malnutrition in Gauteng, South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis

Modjadji

Pitso

2021

Children

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Tobacco and alcohol use among mothers is associated with numerous adverse consequences for affected offspring, including poor growth and development. This study determined the association between maternal tobacco and alcohol use, and malnutrition, among infants aged ≤ 12 months (n = 300), in selected health facilities situated in Gauteng, South Africa. Data on alcohol and tobacco use were collected using a validated questionnaire, in addition to mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history. Stunting (low height/length-for-age), underweight (low weight-for-age) and thinness (low body mass index-for-age) were calculated using z-scores based on the World Health Organization child growth standards. The association of tobacco and alcohol use with stunting, underweight and thinness was analysed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed a mean age of 29 years (24.0; 35.0) for mothers and 7.6 ± 3 months for infants, and over half of the mothers were unemployed (63%). Approximately 18.7% of mothers had used tobacco and 3% had used alcohol during pregnancy. The prevalence of current tobacco and alcohol use among mothers were estimated at 14.3% and 49.7%, respectively, and almost three-quarters (67.3%) of them were still breastfeeding during the study period. Stunting (55%) was the most prevalent malnutrition indicator among infants, while underweight was 41.7%, and thinness was 22%. Current tobacco use was associated with increased odds of being thin [OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.09–5.45), and after adjusting for confounders, current alcohol use was associated with the likelihood of being underweight [AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06–3.63] among infants. Future prospective cohort studies that examine growth patterns among infants who are exposed to maternal tobacco and alcohol use from the intrauterine life to infancy are necessary to inform, partly, the public health programmes, to reduce malnutrition among children.

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The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on the quality of life of HIV-seropositive and seronegative pregnant women

Effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on the quality of life of HIV-seropositive and seronegative pregnant women

Growth and Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: a Conceptual Framework

Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Relation to Child Malnutrition in Gauteng, South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis

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