The Developmental Changes in the Extra-Embryonic Vascular System in the Circulating Phase of Primordial Germ Cells in Aves

Szczerba, Agata; Kuwana, Takashi; Bednarczyk, Marek

doi:10.3409/fb_67-2.08

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Thus, for manipulating the PGCs of GP chickens, it is recommended that they be collected from the embryos that are in stage 14 HH of development, and the number of cells estimated to be present at this stage is about 380. Then, there was a decrease in concentration, suggesting that the circulating PGCs might be trapped gradually by the capillary networks at the future gonadal regions after stage 15 HH.This finding is confirmed by our earlier study ( Szczerba et al., 2019 ), which revealed that the blood flow in the future gonadal regions does not develop until the end of stage 14 HH because there is no functional outflow vein. In the early half of stage 15 HH, posterior vitelline vein rapidly develops on the left side of the gonadal region, and the vascular system at the gonadal regions receives its outflow vein.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Concentration and total number of circulating primordial germ cells in Green-legged Partridgelike chicken embryos

2021

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The Green-legged Partridgelike fowl is an old Polish indigenous breed of chicken. Primordial germ cells ( PGCs ) are one of the best sources of precursor cells that can be used for the conservation and proliferation of the endangered breeds of bird. Initially, the chicken PGCs colonize at the anterior extraembryonic region called “germinal crescent,” and after the establishment of blood vascular circulation, they temporally circulate via the embryonic blood vascular system along with embryonic blood cells. They further colonize at the microcapillary networks of both right and left future gonadal regions. Subsequently, they migrate interstitially to reach gonadal anlages, where they begin to differentiate and eventually develop into the future ova or sperm. The basic knowledge regarding the concentration and the total number of circulating PGCs ( cPGCs ) throughout their circulating phase in the early embryonic stages is crucial for providing an insight into the mechanisms by which they circulate and colonize at the capillary networks of left and right future gonadal regions in each developmental stage. The present study aims to determine the most efficient developmental stage that is suitable to collect cPGCs. The concentration of cPGCs was directly measured, and total volume of embryonic blood was calculated based on the concentration of PKH26-stained embryonic blood cells which were injected 10 min before the blood sampling process in the same embryo during each stage of embryonic development from stage 13 Hamburger and Hamilton ( HH ; Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951 ) to 16 HH. Analysis of whole embryonic bloodstream revealed that at stage 14 HH of embryonic development, peak total number of cPGCs (386.3 cells/μL) and peak concentration of cPGCs (18.6 cells/μL) were observed. Later, there was a decrease in concentration, suggesting that the cPGCs might be trapped gradually by the capillary networks at the future gonadal regions after stage 15 HH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Concentration and total number of circulating primordial germ cells in Green-legged Partridgelike chicken embryos

2021

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“…Here, some differences in the distribution of PGCs to the left and right gonads were observed using a subjective scale, e.g., for cPGCs, the right gonad might be considered a more preferred site (++ vs. +, Table 2 ). However, our results may elicit some contradicting arguments related to the established knowledge of the preferred site for gonadal colonization [ 22 ]. Thus, on the basis of our results, we cannot give a clear evidence of whether the sex of the recipient or the location of a gonad (left or right) influenced the fate of migration of the injected PGCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Most of the injected gPGCs were found in the left gonad and not in the right gonad. Szczerba et al [ 22 ] observed that after the formation of the posterior vitelline vein, the area of blood vessels in the left gonad increases compared to that in the right gonad. This is due to the formation of the posterior vitelline vein only on the left side of the embryo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Culture of Chicken Circulating and Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells on a Somatic Feeder Layer of Avian Origin

Szczerba

Kuwana

Paradowska

et al. 2020

Animals

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The present study had two aims: (1) To develop a culture system that imitates a normal physiological environment of primordial germ cells (PGCs). There are two types of PGCs in chicken: Circulating blood (cPGCs) and gonadal (gPGCs). The culture condition must support the proliferation of both cPGCs and gPGCs, without affecting their migratory properties and must be deprived of xenobiotic factors, and (2) to propose an easy-to-train, nonlabeling optical technique for the routine identification of live PGCs. To address the first aim, early chicken embryo’s feeder cells were examined instead of using feeder cells from mammalian species. The KAv-1 medium at pH 8.0 with the addition of bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) was used instead of a conventional culture medium (pH approximately 7.2). Both cPGCs and gPGCs proliferated in vitro and retained their migratory ability after 2 weeks of culture. The cultivated cPGCs and gPGCs colonized the right and/or left gonads of the recipient male and female embryos. To address the second aim, we demonstrated a simple and rapid method to identify live PGCs as bright cells under darkfield illumination. The PGCs rich in lipid droplets in their cytoplasm highly contrasted with the co-cultured feeder layer and other cell populations in the culture.

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“…They are located at the center of the area pellucida at stage X of Hamburger Hamilton and translocated anteriorly to the germinal crescent ( Tagami and Kagami, 1998 ). After vascular circulation is established, they circulate temporarily through the bloodstream and migrate interstitially into the gonadal anlage ( Szczerba et al., 2019 ), where they accumulate as gonadal germ cells and differentiate into spermatogonia in males or into oogonia in females.…”

Section: New Epigenetic Research Possibilities Using Pgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicken embryo as a model in epigenetic research

et al. 2021

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Epigenetics is defined as the study of changes in gene function that are mitotically or meiotically heritable and do not lead to a change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications are important mechanisms that fine tune the expression of genes in response to extracellular signals and environmental changes. In vertebrates, crucial epigenetic reprogramming events occur during early embryogenesis and germ cell development. Chicken embryo, which develops external to the mother's body, can be easily manipulated in vivo and in vitro, and hence, it is an excellent model for performing epigenetic studies. Environmental factors such as temperature can affect the development of an embryo into the phenotype of an adult. A better understanding of the environmental impact on embryo development can be achieved by analyzing the direct effects of epigenetic modifications as well as their molecular background and their intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance. In this overview, the current possibility of epigenetic changes during chicken embryonic development and their effects on long-term postembryonic development are discussed.

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The Developmental Changes in the Extra-Embryonic Vascular System in the Circulating Phase of Primordial Germ Cells in Aves

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Concentration and total number of circulating primordial germ cells in Green-legged Partridgelike chicken embryos

Concentration and total number of circulating primordial germ cells in Green-legged Partridgelike chicken embryos

In Vitro Culture of Chicken Circulating and Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells on a Somatic Feeder Layer of Avian Origin

Chicken embryo as a model in epigenetic research

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