The Developmental Biologies of Two Encyrtid Parasites of Coccus hesperidum and their Intrinsic Competition1

Bartlett, B. R.; Ball, Joe C.

doi:10.1093/aesa/57.4.496

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Similar phenomena have been observed in some other host-parasite complexes (DeBach & Sundby, 1963;Bartlett & Ball, 1964;Gerson, 1967Gerson, , 1968Wylie, 1972b). host discrimination and intrinsic competition, stands in contradiction to the conspicuous superiority of the latter species in the field.…”

Section: Tolerance Ro Nialathionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Competition between two parasites of the Florida red scale in Israel

Steinberg

Podoler

Rosen

1987

Ecological Entomology

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1. During the last decade, the endoparasitic wasp Pteroptrix smithi (Compere) has gradually replaced the ectoparasitic wasp Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach on the Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.), on citrus in Israel. The studies reported herein were aimed at elucidating some of the mechanisms of this process.2. Aphytis adults detected, and were attracted to hosts containing eggs of Pteroptrix, whereas adults of Pteroptrix did not detect hosts containing eggs of Aphytis. In this extrinsic aspect of host discrimination, Aphytis is superior to its competitor. Neither species responded to hosts containing heterospecific first-instar larvae, and both tended to avoid hosts containing more advanced developmental stages of the other species.3. Aphytis outcompeted Pteroptrix in most cases of multiple parasitism, as observed under both controlled and field conditions. 4. Aphytis was superior in mixed-species cultures; however, its dominance was affected by the availability of adult food.5. Aphytis adults were found to be more sensitive (X4.11) to the insecticide malathion as compared to adults of Pteroptrix. This finding provides a possible explanation to the displacement of Aphytis by Pteroptrix in the citrus groves along the coastal plain of Israel.

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Section: Tolerance Ro Nialathionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Competition between two parasites of the Florida red scale in Israel

Steinberg

Podoler

Rosen

1987

Ecological Entomology

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“…Flanders (1 942) and Bartlett ( 1964) have shown that the nutritional condition of many parasites influences their longevity and actual fecundity. Accordingly, a marked difference in longevity and fecundity may exist between E. pergandiella females that did not host feed and those that did.…”

Section: Host Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method employed by Bartlett and Ball (1964) was used for observing oviposition and host feeding. In this technique, the host insect is laid on a glass slide, which is then inverted over a depression slide containing the parasite.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies With Whitefly Parasites of Southern California: I.Encarsia pergandiellaHoward (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Gerling

1966

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 98: 707-724 (1966) Studies on the biology of Encmsia pergandiella Howard, a solitary, arrhenotokous endoparasite, revealed that fertilized eggs, which give rise to females, are deposited in whitefly nymphs preferably in second, third or foureh instar, while unfertilized eggs, which give rise to males, are deposited in Encarsia larvae at whose expense they develop. The parasite adults were observed to feed on body fluids of whitefly nymphs. Both sexes have a pupal and three larval stages, and development from egg to adult at approximately 75" F. takes 15 days for the females and 13 to 14 days for the males. Mean longevity of ehe femaks at constant and fluctuating temperatures was studied. Actual mean fecundity at 75 * 4" F. was 48.5 eggs per female, all of which were deposited during the first 70% of her life, provided hosts were abundant. Field observations revealed that E. pergandiella was present throughout the year, reaching highest numbers in the spring and sumimer. The parasite does not have an obligatory period of dormancy for all of its individuals. E. pergandiella was not able to prevent whiteflies from causing heavy damage to plants. The reason may be in the discrepancy between the rate of increase of the whitefly and the parasite.lPart of the data contained in the paper were taken from a doctoral dissertation submitted to the

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“…In the case of the competition between two encyrtid gregarious parasitoids of Coccus hesperidum Linné, 1758, the larvae of Microterys flavus (Howard, 1881) almost invariably overcome those of Metaphycus luteolus Timberlake, 1916. M. flavus is intrinsically superior because of its greater sensitivity to contact and its faster attack (Bartlett and Ball 1964).…”

Section: Competition Between Larvae In Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The male and female first instar larvae of Anaphes victus and A. listronoti (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae)

et al. 1997

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Anaphes victus and A. listronoti are two closely related species, respectively solitary and gregarious parasitoids of eggs of the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Both species are sympatric, and the regulation of super-and multiparasitism that occurs regularly in this host is done by larval fights between the mymariform first instar larvae. The morphology of both male and female first instar larvae of A. victus and A. listronoti is described using scanning electron microscopy. Both species have first instar larvae of the mymariform type and present sexual dimorphism. The main difference between the two species is that larvae of A. victus are clearly segmented while larvae of A. listronoti show no visible segmentation. Male larvae of both species have two types of perioral hooks, longer and less dense dorsal setae than females and developed undertail spines. Female larvae of both species have short abdominal setae. These morphological differences are discussed in the context of intra-and interspecific larval competition.& b d y :The male and female first instar larvae of Anaphes victus and A. listronoti (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae)

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The Developmental Biologies of Two Encyrtid Parasites of Coccus hesperidum and their Intrinsic Competition1

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Competition between two parasites of the Florida red scale in Israel

Competition between two parasites of the Florida red scale in Israel

Studies With Whitefly Parasites of Southern California: I.Encarsia pergandiellaHoward (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

The male and female first instar larvae of Anaphes victus and A. listronoti (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae)

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