The developmental basis of fingerprint pattern formation and variation

Glover, James D.; Sudderick, Zoe R.; Shih, Barbara Bo-Ju; Batho-Samblas, Cameron; Charlton, Laura; Krause, Andrew L.; Anderson, Calum; Riddell, Jon; Balic, Adam; Li, Jinxi; Klika, Václav; Woolley, Thomas E.; Gaffney, Eamonn A.; Corsinotti, Andrea; Anderson, Richard A.; Johnston, Luke J.; Brown, Sara J.; Wang, Sijia; Chen, Yuhang; Crichton, Michael L.; Headon, Denis J.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.015

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Importantly, the level of epidermal En1 during the developmental period when eccrine placodes are specified is directly correlated with the number of eccrine glands that form in mouse and human skin, and reducing En1 levels results in a dosage-dependent reduction in the number of eccrine glands 5,12,19,27,28,30 . We therefore reasoned that disrupting epidermal En1 expression at the eccrine placode stage would lead to a specific depletion of the eccrine developmental signature from the skin.…”

Section: Targeted Disruption Of Eccrine Development By Inhibition Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A transient dermal niche and dual epidermal programs underlie sweat gland development

Dingwall

Tomizawa

Aharoni

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Eccrine glands are mammalian skin appendages indispensable for human thermoregulation. Like all skin-derived appendages, eccrine glands form from multipotent progenitors in the basal skin epidermis. It remains unclear how epidermal progenitors progressively specialize to specifically form eccrine glands, precluding efforts to regenerate these vital organs. Herein, we applied single nucleus transcriptomics to compare the expression content of wildtype, eccrine-forming mouse skin to that of mice harboring a skin-specific disruption ofEngrailed 1(En1), a transcription factor that promotes the formation of eccrine glands in both humans and mice. We identify two concurrent epidermal transcriptomes in the earliest eccrine anlagen: a predominant transcriptome that is shared with hair follicles, and a vastly underrepresented transcriptome that isEn1-dependent and eccrine-specific. We demonstrate that differentiation of the eccrine anlage requires the induction of a transient and transcriptionally unique dermal niche that forms around each developing gland in humans and mice. Our study defines the transcriptional determinants underlying eccrine identity in the epidermis and uncovers the dermal niche required for eccrine developmental progression. By identifying these defining components of the eccrine developmental program, our findings set the stage for directed efforts to regenerate eccrine glands for comprehensive skin repair.

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Section: Targeted Disruption Of Eccrine Development By Inhibition Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A transient dermal niche and dual epidermal programs underlie sweat gland development

Dingwall

Tomizawa

Aharoni

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This formula can be further simplified by applying Eqs. ( 23)- (24) in the different cases that we will consider below. For later convenience, we summarize the results in the following straightforward proposition.…”

Section: General Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As motivated in the introduction, we focus on a model representing the bilayer structure of embryonic skin [25, 28, 24], with bulk chemotaxis where cells restricted to the bulk are chemo-attracted by n species, which diffuse between the two layers (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Models and Basic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During embryonic development, the interplay between these two layers gives rise to various repeating anatomical patterns such as hair follicles [25] (Fig. 1a), feather placodes [28] or finger prints [24]. These studies have identified complex signalling networks of diffusive molecules produced in each layer and which interact with the motile mesenchymal cells in order to initiate local cell clustering.…”

Section: Introduction 1biological Motivation and Study Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turing pattern formation in reaction-cross-diffusion systems with a bilayer geometry

Diez

Krause

Maini

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Conditions for self-organisation via Turing's mechanism in biological systems represented by reaction-diffusion or reaction-cross-diffusion models have been extensively studied. Nonetheless, the impact of tissue stratification in such systems is under-explored, despite its ubiquity in the context of a thin epithelium overlying connective tissue, for instance the epidermis and underlying dermal mesenchyme of embryonic skin. In particular, each layer can be subject to extensively different biochemical reactions and transport processes, with chemotaxis - a special case of cross-diffusion - often present in the mesenchyme, contrasting the solely molecular transport typically found in the epidermal layer. We study Turing patterning conditions for a class of reaction-cross-diffusion systems in bilayered regions, with a thin upper layer and coupled by a linear transport law. In particular, the role of differential transport through the interface is explored together with the presence of asymmetry between the homogeneous equilibria of the two layers. A linear stability analysis is carried out around a spatially homogeneous equilibrium state in the asymptotic limit of weak and strong coupling strengths, where quantitative approximations of the bifurcation curve can be computed. Our theoretical findings, for an arbitrary number of reacting species, reveal quantitative Turing conditions, highlighting when the coupling mechanism between the layered regions can either trigger patterning or stabilize a homogeneous equilibrium regardless of the independent patterning state of each layer. We support our theoretical results through direct numerical simulations, and provide an open source code to explore such systems further.

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“…Popular media interest in the diffusion model was eventually elicited by a 2023 paper identifying the genes responsible for the formation of fingerprints at the early prenatal stage and linking these to analogous processes in some animals, such as colour patterns in cats' fur. Spearheaded by developmental biologists Denis Headon and James Glover at Edinburgh University in the UK, the paper on fingerprint patterns is the culmination of years of work that is also associated with a broader effort to develop a more general theory of pattern formation in biology (Glover et al , 2023). The aim was partly to confirm or eliminate various hypotheses for the formation of the unique fingerprint patterns that have rendered this a valuable tool in forensic science.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Of Turing and zebras

Hunter¹

2023

EMBO Reports

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The developmental basis of fingerprint pattern formation and variation

Cited by 47 publications

References 67 publications

A transient dermal niche and dual epidermal programs underlie sweat gland development

A transient dermal niche and dual epidermal programs underlie sweat gland development

Turing pattern formation in reaction-cross-diffusion systems with a bilayer geometry

Of Turing and zebras

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