The development, validity and applicability to practice of pharmacy-related competency frameworks: A systematic review

Udoh, Arit; Bruno-Tomé, Andreia; Ernawati, Desak Ketut; Galbraith, Kirsten; Bates, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.02.014

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This finding is reinforced by a systematic review which found that the relevance of competency-based frameworks is dependent on the pharmacist’s work environment, experience, and competence. 40 The results also suggest that most GPCPs undertook tasks across all three levels of the pharmacotherapy service; however, it is unclear how the tasks were undertaken (for example, patient facing or supervisory). It was also indicated that the job role opportunities given to individual GPCPs, including completing tasks such as physical examination, differed; this further suggests variation in the role, which may influence the suitability of the CCF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Implementation of pharmacist-led services in primary care: A mixed-methods exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of a national educational resource package

Preston¹,

Weir²,

Mueller³

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background: To help alleviate the global pressure on primary care, there has been an increase in the number of clinical pharmacists within primary care. Educational resources are necessary to support this workforce and their development within this role. An educational resource package was developed in Scotland to support the General Practice Clinical Pharmacists (GPCPs), containing a hard copy Competency and Capability Framework (CCF), an online platform (TURAS) and both clinical and educational supervisors in 2016. Objective: To examine the implementation of a competency-based educational resource package through the exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of its adoption, acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Methods: Participants were GPCPs who had been part of a national training event between 2016 and 2018. The participants were given the opportunity to complete an online questionnaire or a semi-structured telephone interview. Both data collection tools were based on Proctor’s model of implementation outcomes: adoption, acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility. Areas covered included GPCPs’ perceptions and level of adoption of the educational resource package developed to support them in their role. Results: Of a potential 164 participants, 52 (31.7%) completed the questionnaire and 12 (7.3%) completed the interview. GPCPs indicated widespread adoption and were accepting of the resources; however, it was suggested that its value was undermined, as it was not associated with a qualification. The appropriateness and feasibility of the resources depended on GPCPs’ individual situation (including current role, previous job experience, time available, support received from peers and supervisors, and perceptions of resources available). Conclusions: The suitability of the CCF was evidenced by participants’ adoption and acceptance of the resource, indicating the necessity of a competence-based framework to support the GPCPs’ role. However, its suitability was hindered in terms of varied perceptions of appropriateness and feasibility. Despite the limited sample size, the results indicate that the value of these resources should be promoted across primary care; nevertheless further facilitation is required to allow GPCPs to fully engage with the resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Implementation of pharmacist-led services in primary care: A mixed-methods exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of a national educational resource package

Preston¹,

Weir²,

Mueller³

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“…Consistency in the categorisation of the frameworks is evident and may be a result of the fact that competency frameworks are widely used in pharmacy and have been for some time. 70 Although terminology varies slightly, most frameworks are structured similarly with overarching domains, competencies within each domain and provision of descriptors to explain how the competencies can be recognised in practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of the methods and processes used by regulatory bodies to determine pharmacists’ readiness for practice

Sheachnasaigh

Cadogan

Strawbridge

et al. 2022

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

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“…This concept of generic advancement is similar to those in other professions, such as nursing ( 37 ). A systematic review conducted by Udoh et al ( 18 ) highlighted that there were currently only four evidenced-based advanced generic competency frameworks for pharmacists implemented nationally in the United Kingdom ( 38 ), Australia ( 39 ), Singapore ( 40 ), and South Africa ( 41 ). These competency development frameworks were adopted and adapted from the same source, the FIP Global Competency Framework ( 42 ) and ACLF ( 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The establishment of competency frameworks is a crucial step toward CBET implementation ( 17 , 18 ). There is evidence to support the effectiveness of competency-based approaches for workforce development, aided by competency frameworks, in pharmacy, medicine and nursing ( 19 – 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competency-Based Education: Developing an Advanced Competency Framework for Indonesian Pharmacists

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Pharmacists need to be adaptable, flexible, and capable of advancing their practice to adapt to rapidly changing population health needs. We describe an educational approach to pharmacy workforce transformation in Indonesia through an advanced practice competency framework development using an “adopt and adapt” methodology.Methods: The competency framework development process comprised a translation phase, an adopt and adapt phase, validation through a nationwide mapping survey, and a completion phase through leadership consensus panels. We conducted a forward-backwards translation of a previously validated Advanced to Consultancy Level Framework (ACLF) to yield the Indonesian Advanced Development Framework (IADF) draft. The subsequent adoption and adaptation process was conducted through a series of consensus panels. We validated the IADF through a nationwide workforce survey. The final phase included leadership consensus panels with the professional leadership body in Indonesia. We analyzed the qualitative data thematically and the quantitative data using a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) technique.Results: We identified conceptual challenges in adopting and adapting the existing ACLF, which were addressed by providing a national glossary and concrete examples. A total of 6,212 pharmacists participated in the national workforce survey, of which 43% had <2 years of post-license (post-registration) experience. The MCA results showed that practitioner self-assessment to the IADF could discriminate their career development stages. The results also indicated a four-stage career model (including early years career training). Embedding this model in a structured national training program will enhance the professional workforce development through a more structured career journey.Conclusions: We describe the first validation of an advanced competency development framework for the pharmacy workforce in a non-Anglophone country, showing the possibility of transnational applicability of this framework. We argue that this methodology can be used in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs) for the more rapid advancement of pharmaceutical care practice.

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The development, validity and applicability to practice of pharmacy-related competency frameworks: A systematic review

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Implementation of pharmacist-led services in primary care: A mixed-methods exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of a national educational resource package

Implementation of pharmacist-led services in primary care: A mixed-methods exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of a national educational resource package

A scoping review of the methods and processes used by regulatory bodies to determine pharmacists’ readiness for practice

Competency-Based Education: Developing an Advanced Competency Framework for Indonesian Pharmacists

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