The Development Trap: Militarism, Environmental Degradation and Poverty in the South

Mohammed, Nadir A. L.

doi:10.4324/9781003111825-3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The stated ammunition-emissions postulates need a discussion to understand the new illustrations in military-growth nexus, i.e., (i) Emissions-Defense Postulate (Treadmill of destruction view): The emissions-defense postulate shows the crowding out a situation where government allocate a greater sum of money on military activities instead of consumer goods, including education and healthcare expenditures [40][41][42]. It is evident that military activities adversely affect the natural environment and precious natural resource capital, damaging human health and the natural environment with low spending on improving socio-economic infrastructure [21,43,44]. The greater supply of arms ammunition threatens regional security.…”

Section: (I) Emissions-defense Postulate (Treadmill Of Destruction View) (Ii) Emissions-cleaner Postulate (Treadmill Of Production View) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

et al. 2021

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The defense and peace literature have focused mainly on the military-growth nexus, with little attention paid to the environmental sustainability agenda, which is impacted by increased global arms transfers. The supply of lead-containing ammunition generates complex gas mixtures (including CO2 emissions) and particulates that harm the healthcare sustainability agenda. Based on the significance of the subject matter, the study uses the Indian economy as a case study, with a significant rate of arms transfers associated with higher carbon emissions. The study analyzed data from more than four decades, from 1975 to 2020. Data on arms imports, military personnel, and military expenditures are used to evaluate the ‘ammunition emissions function’. It corresponds to the three research hypotheses, namely, the ‘emissions-defense burden hypothesis’ (arms transfers increase carbon emissions), the ‘emissions-cleaner hypothesis’ (arms transfers reduce carbon emissions), and the ‘emissions-asymmetric hypothesis’ (positive and negative shocks of arms transfers either support the ‘defense burden hypothesis’ or ‘cleaner hypothesis’). The non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) results confirmed the ’emissions-defense burden hypothesis‘ in the long run, as positive and negative shocks from arms imports increase carbon emissions. However, in the short run, positive arms imports increase carbon emissions while negative arms imports decrease carbon emissions. Furthermore, the findings supported the ’emissions-cleaner hypothesis‘ in the relationship between armed forces personnel and carbon emissions. The findings imply that the positive and negative shocks experienced by armed forces personnel reduce carbon emissions in the short and long run. Positive shocks to military spending support the ’emissions-defense burden hypothesis‘ in the short run; however, the results vanished when negative shocks to military spending supported the ’emissions-spillover hypothesis‘ (lowering military spending reduces carbon emissions and increases economic productivity) in the short and long run. The country’s unsustainable economic activities are viewed as a negative factor contributing to long-term carbon emissions increases. The negative shocks of armed forces personnel and positive arms imports would almost certainly have a significant long-term impact on carbon emissions. As a result, the ‘treadmill theory of destruction’ has been confirmed in a country. The study concludes that lead-free ammunition and managing ammunition safety are beneficial to a country’s environmental sustainability agenda.

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Section: (I) Emissions-defense Postulate (Treadmill Of Destruction View) (Ii) Emissions-cleaner Postulate (Treadmill Of Production View) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

et al. 2021

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“…Water quality is one of the major challenges that societies are facing in the 21st century globally, threatening human health, limiting food production, reducing ecosystem functions, and hindering economic growth. Water quality degradation leads directly to environmental, social and economic problems (Fang et al, 2021;Mohammed, 2021). The availability of the world's scarce water resources is increasingly limited due to the worsening pollution of freshwater resources caused by the disposal of large quantities of poorly treated or untreated wastewater into rivers, lakes, aquifers and coastal waters (du Plessis, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Drinking Tap Water Quality in Wa Municipality, Ghana

Bowan¹

2022

JESS

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Water quality analysis is an essential component of water supply globally. This study analyzed drinking water quality at the tap in the Wa Municipality of Ghana. Bacteriological, physicochemical, aesthetic, and some chemical parameters of raw, treated and tap water was analyzed. The analysis showed that drinking tap water has a good quality and was satisfactory according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. However, an assessment of consumers’ perception of water consumption profiles revealed that 25 % of the respondents claimed that the water quality was bad and had some taste that may be attributable to the long period of water storage. Therefore, it is recommended that the post chlorination dose should be increased to ensure the disinfection requirements and avoid any post-treatment contamination.

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On the effect of military spending on education in Africa: what role does institutional quality play?

Raifu,

Uzoma-Nwosu,

Aminu

2024

JBSED

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PurposeThis study explored how institutional quality influences the relationship between military spending and education in Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis study used data from 43 African countries spanning the years 2000–2021. Two estimation methods were employed to address various issues: Fixed Effects with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors and the Two-Step System Generalised Method of Moments. The Fixed Effects with Driscoll-Kraay standard error method was used to obtain reliable standard errors and inferences from the estimated coefficients of the fixed effects model. Meanwhile, the problem of endogeneity between military spending and education was addressed using the Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM).FindingsThe results indicated that military spending negatively impacts both the quality and quantity of education. However, both institutional quality and the interaction term (institutional quality*military spending) have positive effects on both measures of education, suggesting that better institutional quality mitigates the negative effect of military spending on education outcomes.Practical implicationsThis study shows that institutional quality dampens the negative effect of military spending on education, especially the quality of education. Hence, African countries should prioritize strengthening their institutions to ensure optimal allocation and utilization of government funds for the benefit of their citizens.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the moderating role of institutional quality in the relationship between military spending and education, focusing on both the quantity and quality of education.

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The Development Trap: Militarism, Environmental Degradation and Poverty in the South

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

Assessment of Drinking Tap Water Quality in Wa Municipality, Ghana

On the effect of military spending on education in Africa: what role does institutional quality play?

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