The development of vagal innervation of the bovine stomach

Abstract

The development of the vagal innervation of the bovine stomach was examined in serial section from 15 embryos ranging from 10 to 20 mm crown-rump length. Models of the gastric epithelium and nerves were made of an 11, 14, and 20 mm embryo. The vagal innervation of the stomach was also examined in six bovine fetuses ranging from 15 to 52 cm in length. The bovine stomach developed from a spindle-shaped primordium at 10 mm to a four-chambered organ at 20 nun. At 11 mm, the right and left vagus extended to a point dorsal to the heart where they divided into dorsal and ventral branches. The ventral branches fused to form the ventral vagal trunk and the dorsal branches fused to form the dorsal vagal trunk. At the 12 to 14 mm stage, both vagal trunks ran along the lesser curvature of the gastric primordium to the level of the developing abomasum. By 20 mm, the principal branches of the vagal trunks found in the adult were established and it became clear that the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks innervated areas of the ruminant stomach roughly comparable to the visceral and parietal (posterior and anterior (NA)) surfaces, respectively, of the simple stomach. The distribution of the vagal trunks in the fetuses was similar to that in the adult. Similarities in the development of the gastric nerves in man and ox were discussed.The bovine stomach in a four-chambered organ which consists of a proventriculus and a glandular stomach (Sisson and Grossman, '53; Nickel and Schummer, '60). The proventriculus is made up of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum, and the glandular stomach of the abomasum. Contrary to earlier accounts of an esophageal origin of the proventriculus, the four compartments of the bovine stomach develop from a spindle-shaped gastric primordium similar to that from which the simple stomach develops (Pernkopf, '3 1; Martin and Schauder, '38; Lambert, '48; Warner, '58). The rumen and reticulum correspond to the fundus and body of the simple stomach, the abomasum to the pyloric part, and the omasum to an outgrowth of the lesser curvature of the primordium. In the adult ox, the rumen is the largest of the four compartments and lies to the left in relation to the other compartments. The right and left surface of the rumen is marked with longitudinal grooves which are connected cranially and caudally by two deep transverse grooves, the cranial and caudal grooves of the rumen. These longitudinal and transverse grooves divide the rumen into dorsal and ventral sacs. The most cranial part of the rumen, AM. J. ANAT.. 121: 121-130.

Identification and Distribution of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Abomasum of Goats

“…The fourth chamber is known as the abomasum, which is a glandular part that secretes gastric juice. The abomasum corresponds to the pylorus and is the “true stomach” of ruminants 29 . The abomasum is a significant part of the ruminant stomach and has a crucial role in the absorption of nutrients, as it is the location where digestion occurs via physical and biochemical processes.…”

The embryonic development of the bovine stomach revisited

“…rumen, reticulum and omasum) has been the subject of a long ongoing debate. Whereas some authors (Jorquera & Goicoechea, 1985;Lambert, 1948;Lewis, 1915;McGeady & Sack, 1967;Molinari & Goicoechea, 1993;Molinari & Jorquera, 1988;Pernkopf, 1931;Warner, 1958;Zimmerl, 1900) have reported that all the compartments arise from the fusiform stomach, others (Edelmann, 1889;Ellenberger, 1887Ellenberger, , 1911Favilli, 1929;Mutoh & Wakuri, 1989) have claimed that the forestomachs arise from the oesophagus. Our observations clearly corroborate the contention that all of the compartments evolve from the fusiform primordium and that no other outgrowth occurs at the level of the oesophagus, that is cranial of the fusiform dilation.…”

“…These studies provided preliminary insight into the morphogenesis and histogenesis of the stomach of domestic ruminants but also resulted in strong debate. Later, formerly unanswered questions were addressed in studies of various ruminants with more recent technologies (Al Masri et al, ; Becker, Dix Arnold, & Marshall, ; Franco, Masot, Aguado, Gómez, & Redondo, ; Franco, Masot, & Redondo, , ; Franco, Redondo, & Masot, ; Franco, Regodón, Robina, & Redondo, ; Franco, Robina, Guillén, Mayoral, & Redondo, ; Franco et al, , ; Franco, Rodriguez, Mayoral, Guillén, & Robina, ; García, Masot, Franco, Gázquez, & Redondo, , ,, , ; García, Rodriguez, Masot, Franco, & Redondo, ; Gupta, Farooqui, Archana, & Kumar, ; Jorquera & Goicoechea, ; Kano, Fukaya, Asari, & Eguchi, ; Marko, Kressin, & Schnorr, ; Masot, Franco, & Redondo, ; McGeady & Sack, ; Molinari & Goicoechea, ; Molinari & Jorquera, ; Mutoh & Wakuri, ; Panchamukhi & Srivastava, ; Redondo, Franco, & Masot, ; Redondo, García, Ortega, Peña, & Masot, ; Redondo, Masot, García, & Franco, ; Singh, Roy, & Sethi, ; Takasaki, Kitamura, Hondo, Cottrell, & Yamada, ; Vivo & Robina, , , ; Vivo et al, ). Jorquera and Goicoechea () published the most systematic and comprehensive overview of the development of the bovine stomach.…”

Equine Stomach Development in the Foetal Period of Prenatal Life—A Histological and Histometric Study

“…Studies on domestic animal embryology have been frequently undertaken [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], but usually the scientific interest has focused on domesticated pig and ruminants, and papers devoted to horse embryology are rare [ 15 ]. Moreover, prenatal development of the alimentary tract of laboratory animals and its postnatal morphology have been studied for years [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”