The Development of the Widowhood Resilience Scale

West, Carrie; Dreeben, Samuel J.; Busing, Kyle

doi:10.1177/0030222819873489

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Keywords widowed young, , grief, bereavement, , Dual Process Model, spousal loss, resilience Spousal loss is considered one of the most stressful significant life events (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). It is associated with deep sadness, increased stress, physical and mental health issues as well as changes in routines and resources (West et al, 2019). In developed countries, spousal loss follows a typical age and gender pattern (Bennett & Soulsby, 2012).…”

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Widowed Young: The Role of Stressors and Protective Factors for Resilience in Coping with Spousal Loss

Chami

Pooley

2021

Omega (Westport)

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While distressing, late life spousal loss is considered a normative life event and most demonstrate resilient recovery from grief. However, for 5–7% of the population spousal loss comes early, before the age of 50, and little is known about the factors that influence adjustment in this population. We used the DPM integrative framework to examine correlates and predictors of mental wellbeing and grief intensity in an international sample of 603 young widows and widowers. Contrary to existing bereavement research, loss-orientated stressors (e.g., expectedness and cause of death) did not predict bereavement outcomes. Employment and financial wellbeing were the only statistically significant restoration-orientated stressors associated with coping, mental wellbeing and grief intensity. We found no significant associations between parental status and coping or bereavement outcomes. Loss-orientated coping, followed by inter and intrapersonal protective factors for resilience and financial wellbeing were the greatest predictors of grief intensity. Loss-orientated coping was highest in early bereavement, the greatest predictor of grief intensity and associated with being unemployed, financial insecurity and decreased protective factors for resilience. Restoration-orientated coping was highest in later bereavement, was a weak predictor of grief intensity and associated with being employed, increased financial wellbeing and protective factors for resilience. Overall, we found the young-widowed population is at heightened risk of poor adjustment. Almost two-thirds reported decreased functioning, probable depression with high rates of psychological distress. Nearly half met diagnostic criteria for prolonged grief disorder. We discuss implications for research and clinical practice.

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Widowed Young: The Role of Stressors and Protective Factors for Resilience in Coping with Spousal Loss

Chami

Pooley

2021

Omega (Westport)

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“…It has to be answered in five points on the Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, no opinion. disagree, strongly disagree) and scores on this scale vary between 25 and 125 [23]. The Yarelahi and her colleagues' study in 2022 among Iranian samples has indicated to reliability of this instrument with Cronbach Alpha 0.86, ICC ≥ 0.82, and criterion-related validity was more than 0.75 (Yarelahi et al in press).…”

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confidence: 98%

Effectiveness of resilience training intervention on psychological capital of the underprivileged widowed women of Fasa City, Iran

et al. 2022

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Introduction Women heads of households (widows or divorcees) are vulnerable groups in society who face various psychological problems and have less resilience than other women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of resilience educational intervention on the psychological capital of poor widows in Fasa city, south Iran. Materials and Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 120 widows covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation were selected by a simple random sampling method based on a random Efron algorithm (Efron coin) and randomly assigned into two interventions and control groups (60 people each) in the second half of 2021. About 8 training sessions on resilience and psychological capital were held for the experimental group through training clips, audio transmissions, and podcasts. Data were collected using demographic characteristics forms, widowers' resilience assessment questionnaires, and Luten's psychological capital scale for testing and control before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test, independent and paired t-test using SPSS V. 26 software. Results There were differences between the two groups at pretest in demographic variables and psychological capital and its subscales, and resilience and its subscales (P ≥ 0.05).. But two months after the educational intervention, a statistically significant increase was observed in the experimental group in these variables compared to the control group (p < 0.05). It indicates that there was an improvement in the outcomes from pretest to post-test within the intervention and no change in the outcomes over time within the control group. Discussion and Conclusion Using a resilience-based educational approach as a novelty of this research to promote psychological capital and resilience can increase resilience and psychological capital in widows. Then, considering the positive effect of this educational approach and the low cost of this intervention, it seems that the implementation of such interventions should be included in the plans related to widows.

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The Development of the Widowhood Resilience Scale

Cited by 2 publications

References 57 publications

Widowed Young: The Role of Stressors and Protective Factors for Resilience in Coping with Spousal Loss

Widowed Young: The Role of Stressors and Protective Factors for Resilience in Coping with Spousal Loss

Effectiveness of resilience training intervention on psychological capital of the underprivileged widowed women of Fasa City, Iran

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