The Development of the Turkish Social Media Craving Scale (SMCS): a Validation Study

Abstract

Over the past decade, the use of social media applications have increased worldwide. In parallel with this, abuse of social media has also increased. In recent years, many disorders related to social media use have been conceptualized. One of the common consequences of these disorders is the intense desire (i.e., craving) to use social media. The aim of the present study was to develop the Social Media Craving Scale (SMCS) by adapting the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The study comprised 423 university students (242 females and 181 males) across five different samples. The psychometric instruments used included the Social Media Craving Scale, Social Media Disorder Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, and Personal Information Form. In the present study, structural validity and reliability of the SMCS were investigated. The structural validity of SMCS was investigated with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity. The reliability of SMCS was evaluated using Cronbach α internal consistency reliability coefficient, corrected item total correlation coefficients, and test-retest method. As a result of EFA, the SMCS was found to be unidimensional scale. This unidimensional structure explained approximately half of the total variance. The unidimensional structure of SMCS was tested in two different samples with CFA. As a result of CFA, SMCS models were found to have acceptable fit values. The criterion validity of the SMCS was evaluated by assessing social media disorder, selfdiscipline, impulsiveness, daily social media use duration, social media usage history, frequency of checking social media accounts during the day, number of social media accounts, and number of daily shares. Analysis demonstrated that the SMCS was associated with all these variables in the expected direction. According to the reliability analysis (Cronbach's α internal consistency coefficients, corrected item total correlation coefficients, and test-retest method), the SMCS was found to be a reliable scale. When validity and reliability analyses of the SMCS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the SMCS is a valid and reliable scale in assessing social media craving.

The Development of the Turkish Craving for Online Shopping Scale: A Validation Study

“…In the present study, PACS was adapted to Turkish as TCOSS by replacing the word "alcohol" with the words "online shopping." Here, the protocol for the modified PACS followed previous studies that developed craving scales for social media (Savci and Griffiths 2019a), Internet gaming (Savci and Griffiths 2019b), and smartphone use (Savci 2019) that replaced the word "drinking" with "social media," "Internet gaming," and "smartphone," respectively. First of all, PACS items and instruction were translated into Turkish by a group of researchers who were fluent in English and Turkish.…”

Trait Mindfulness as a Protective Factor in Connections between Psychological Issues and Facebook Addiction among Turkish University Students

“…In addition, mindfulness may reduce addiction behaviors through activating positive coping skills used to combat stressful life events. For instance, similarly to other addictions, individuals with social media addiction exhibit social media craving behaviors; an excessive desire to use social media (Savci & Griffiths, 2019). Mindfulness, in this process, may have an inhibitory role in stress-coping through controlling craving behavior, automatic and unwanted thoughts in the addiction process (Li et al, 2017).…”

Dürtüsellik ile Sosyal Medya Aşerme Arasındaki İlişkide FOMO’nun Aracılık Etkisi

“…Beğenilme arzusunun bireyler için önemli olması (Taaylor- Horzum, 2015) bağlamında düşünüldüğünde yukarıda Savcı ve Aysan (2018) tarafından belirtilen cevabın tatmin edici olduğu söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda sorunlu sosyal medya kullanımı olmasa bile, sosyal medyayı kullanma arzusu ve isteği, bu sosyal işlevlerin (insanların kısa bir süre içerisinde beğenildiği, onaylandığı ve kabul edilmesi) bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkabilir (Savcı ve Griffiths, 2019). Sosyal medya bağımlılığının ortaya çıkardığı sosyal medyayı kullanma isteği sosyal medya aşermesi olarak kavramsallaştırılmıştır (Hormes, Kearns ve Timko, 2014).…”

“…).Veri toplama araçları araştırmaya gönüllü katılım sağlayan üniversite eğitim gördükleri sınıflarda uygulanmıştır. Savcı veGriffiths (2019) tarafından Penn Alkol Aşerme Ölçeğinin (Flannery, Volpicelli ve Pettinati, 1999) değiştirilmesi ile geliştirilen SMAÖ 5 madde tek alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) sonucunda, SMAÖ'nin toplam varyansın% 55,75'ini açıklayan bir boyuttan oluştuğu görülmüştür.…”