The Development of the Smart Cities in the Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) Era: From Mobility Patterns to Scaling in Cities

Abstract

Smart cities aim to integrate technological development with different functions/components such as mobility, management of energy, natural resources, water, and the waste cycle, air quality, land use, service network, construction, but also the economy, social participation, increased employment, and citizen safety. It includes a series of coordinated and integrated social, environmental and economic interventions to enhance human capital, reduce environmental impacts and solve ecological emergencies. The holistic approach is particular to smart cities, including several mobility aspects in the main European classifications. In particular, the development of smart cities depends on several factors related to transport supply (i.e., mobility service, infrastructure details, ICT) and demand (socio-demographic aspects), and the size of the city. This paper provides an overview of the development of smart cities by defining a methodology that allows the identification of criteria for determining the optimisation of urban mobility with a particular interest in the development of future autonomous mobility. The analysis of current literature on the concept of smart cities and new mobility technologies made it possible to analyse the compatibility between them and possible criticalities. The definition of criteria lays the groundwork for future research steps focused on the application of multicriteria analysis.

Planning Perspectives on Rural Connected, Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Implementation

“…Strong digital connectivity is key to strengthening rural economies, and is critical to future transport systems [11,19]. Although the digital divide between rural and urban communities is itself a barrier to rural CAEV implementation, the need to implement sustainable transport solutions may accelerate the improvements to connectivity in rural communities and on rural roads, as it has done in the context smart cities [43]. Therefore, the implementation of CAEVs in rural areas provides an opportunity for improved rural digital connectivity.…”

The Utility of DSRC and V2X in Road Safety Applications and Intelligent Parking: Similarities, Differences, and the Future of Vehicular Communication

“…In the case of transmission overload and connectivity, LTE cannot consistently support strict ITS requirements. The study [32] analyzed and mentioned that LTE can support road safety applications that are weak in terms of cooperation. The network becomes slightly overloaded and tends not to deliver the expected results.…”

Sustainable Data Governance for Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility in the European Union

“…Future-oriented sustainable smart cities often incorporate connected autonomous vehicles as a central part of their vision of becoming sustainable [27] (p. 1), and, as such, the concept of sustainability becomes interconnected with vehicles as a result of the association. However, in the field of smart cities, the concept of "sustainability" often goes beyond purely environmental concerns such as more efficient energy usage and less pollution, but rather there are additional significant social and cultural aspects to sustainability [51] (p. 3); [52,53]. Consequently, when discussing the sustainability of connected autonomous vehicles, the "social" and "cultural" sustainability aspects that relate to data associated with such vehicles and go beyond the scope of protecting privacy should not be overlooked as it may otherwise be overshadowed.…”