The Development of the Short-form of “25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale”

Tanabe, Yutaka; Suehara, Yoshiyuki; Kim, Yongji; Nojiri, Shuko; Okubo, Taketo; Ishii, Midori; Kawasaki, Takayuki; Matsuoka, Kiyoshi; Akaike, Keisuke; Mukaihara, Kenta; Okubo, Naoko; Saito, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.9734/jammr/2018/40196

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The GLFS-25 consists of several dimensions based on the current analysis, while the dimensions of the GLFS-25 were mostly overlooked in the assessment of LS in clinical practice. Tanabe et al (2018) conducted an exploratory factor analysis of the GLFS-25 to develop a short version questionnaire. Their analysis reduced the 25 questions of the GLFS to 9 questions, 3 questions for each latent factor-daily outdoor living matters (Q18, Q22, Q23), indoor living matters (Q8, Q10, Q11), and lower limb function (Q3, Q12, Q13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GLFS-25 had low response rate due to missingness when it was self-administered in previous studies, which may caused by conditions of LS among patients and/or the length of the questionnaire might be considered as too long for some individuals (Ishii et al, 2015). Previously, Tanabe et al (2018) provided a shorter version of GLFS-25 through factor analysis. The shorter version of GLFS-25 included nine questions with three questions loaded onto each of three latent factors: outdoor activities, indoor activities, and lower limb functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of locomotive syndrome among older individuals: a confirmatory factor analysis of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale

Wang

Ikemoto

Hirasawa

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background The 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) is widely used in daily clinical practice in evaluating locomotive syndrome (LS). The questionnaire contains 25 questions aiming to describe 6 aspects, including body pain, movement-related difficulty, usual care, social activities, cognitive status, and daily activities. However, its potential underlying latent factor structure of the questionnaire has not been fully examined so far. Methods Five hundred participants who were 60 years or older and were able to walk independently with or without a cane but had complaints of musculoskeletal disorders were recruited face to face at the out-patient ward of Aichi Medical University Hospital between April 2018 and June 2019. All participants completed the GLFS-25. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models (single-factor model, 6-factor model as designed by the developers of the GLFS-25) were fitted and compared using Mplus 8.3 with a maximum likelihood minimization function. Modification indices, standardized expected parameter change were used, a standard strategy for scale development was followed in the search for an alternative and simpler model that could well fit the collected data. Cronbach’s α and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were also calculated. Results Mean (standard deviation) participants age was 72.6 (7.4) years old; 63.6% of them were women. Under the current criteria, 132 (26.4%) and 262 (52.4%) of the study subjects would be classified as LS stage 1 and stage 2, respectively. Overall, the Cronbach’s α (95% CI) for GLFS-25 evaluated using these data was 0.959 (0.953, 0.964). The single- and 6-factor models were rejected due to poor fit. The alternative models with either full 25 questions or a shortened GLFS-16 were found to fit the data better. These alternative models included three latent factors (body pain, movement-related difficulty, and psycho-social complication) and allowed for cross-loading and residual correlations. Discussion The findings of the CFA models provided evidence that the factor structure of the GLFS-25 might be simpler than the 6-factor model as suggested by the designers. The complex relationships between the latent factors and the observed items may also indicate that individual sub-scale use or simply combining the raw scores for evaluation is likely to be inadequate or unsatisfactory. Thus, future revisions of the scoring algorithm or questions of the GLFS-25 may be required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of locomotive syndrome among older individuals: a confirmatory factor analysis of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale

Wang

Ikemoto

Hirasawa

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…(23) Large numbers of participants with advanced age (80.7% aged >80 years) in this sample are also representative of the fastest growing age group worldwide (i.e., long-living individuals). (23,24) Despite wide age variation, sensitivity and specificity of the GLFS 10-P did not differ between non-long-living (60 to 79 years) and long-living (80 years or older) elderly individuals in this study.…”

Section: Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…This age group is still poorly investigated, in spite of being the fastest growing population group. (23,24) Also important, the literature review carried out for algorithm development was limited to the LILACS and MEDLINE ® databases and only articles published in Portuguese or English were included.…”

Section: Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithm for screening and management of locomotive syndrome in elderly individuals and development of a short version of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese

Alves

Tavares

Okazaki

et al. 2022

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: To develop a short version of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese and to create an algorithm for locomotive syndrome screening and management. Methods: The 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese was applied to individuals aged 60 years or older seen at the Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, between 2016 and 2018. Items of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese were submitted to exploratory factor analysis using the principal component method. Internal consistency was investigated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The ROC curve was used to determine the cut-off point of the short version developed. Finally, a simple and objective algorithm was created for locomotive syndrome screening and management using the Delphi method. Results: A total of 202 elderly individuals aged 61 to 101 years (mean age, 84.67 years) were evaluated. Fifteen items were excluded from the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese to compose the 10-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese, a 10-item instrument with appropriate psychometric properties. A cut-off point of ten (ROC curve) was determined for potential locomotive syndrome, with 96.5% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity. A very simple algorithm was developed for locomotive syndrome screening and management. Conclusion: The short version (10-question) of the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese has appropriate psychometric properties and provides a practical tool for detection of locomotive problems in elderly individuals.

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“…The total score is used to categorize respondents into three LS grades: No LS (scores of 0–6; normal), Grade I LS (scores of 7–15), and Grade II LS (scores of ≥16). The GLFS-25 has demonstrated excellent reliability (test–retest interclass correlation = 0.71–0.92) [ 22 ] and good predictability for LS in older adults with orthopedic conditions (sensitivity = 0.75–0.84; specificity = 0.89–0.92) [ 23 ]. The GLFS-25 Thai version has been tested and has demonstrated good validity (content validity index = 1) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94 – 0.95) [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path Model Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Older Thais Living in Rural Areas

et al. 2022

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Depressive symptoms are complex and are often more severe in older people. However, there is limited research exploring the causal relationships between depression and its associated factors in the geriatric population, particularly in Thailand. We aimed to evaluate the direction of these complex relationships in the Thai population. A cross-sectional design was conducted on 312 Thai community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or above who registered for primary care services. The participants were recruited from July 2019 to January 2020, and they responded to standard assessments. The relationships between pain, the number of medications, frailty, locomotive syndrome, and depressive symptoms were investigated using path analysis. The results showed that most participants were women and had multiple diseases, mild pain, frailty, and grade I–II locomotive syndrome. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 16%. The model showed significant positive direct and indirect paths from locomotive syndrome to depressive symptoms (β = 0.296, p < 0.01; β = 0.099, p < 0.01, respectively). There was a significant positive direct path from frailty to depressive symptoms (β = 0.219, p < 0.01) and a significant positive indirect path from pain to depressive symptoms (β = 0.096, p < 0.01).

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The Development of the Short-form of “25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale”

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of locomotive syndrome among older individuals: a confirmatory factor analysis of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale

Assessment of locomotive syndrome among older individuals: a confirmatory factor analysis of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale

Algorithm for screening and management of locomotive syndrome in elderly individuals and development of a short version of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-Portuguese

Path Model Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Older Thais Living in Rural Areas

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