The Development of the PIPESAFE Risk Assessment Package for Gas Transmission Pipelines

Acton, Michael R.; Baldwin, Phil J.; Baldwin, Tim; Jager, Eric

doi:10.1115/ipc1998-2000

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The detailed, full scale data that has been obtained can be used to provide an understanding of the processes involved, as well as providing information for the development and validation of mathematical models that can be applied to simulate these releases and to predict the consequences of similar releases. These mathematical models can be employed to assess the safety of high pressure pipelines, for example through using risk assessment methodologies [3,4], and in establishing appropriate standards and design codes for gas pipelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies of Releases of High Pressure Natural Gas From Punctures and Rips in Above-Ground Pipework

Hankinson¹,

Lowesmith²,

Genillon³

et al. 2000

Volume 1: Codes, Standards and Regulations; Design and Constructions; Environmental; GIS/Database Development; Innovative Proje

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The gas industry has an excellent safety record in operating high-pressure transmission pipelines.Nevertheless, it is important that pipeline operators have an understanding of the consequences of possible accidental gas releases, in order to help manage the risks involved. This paper presents a programme of full scale experiments, undertaken by an international collaboration of gas companies, to study the consequences of both unignited and ignited releases of natural gas from simulated punctures and rips in a 900mm diameter above-ground transmission pipeline. Experimental parameters varied during the programme included release orifice size and shape, release pressure, release height, release direction, wind speed and wind direction. Instrumentation was deployed to obtain detailed data on the dispersion of gas, the ignitability of the gas cloud produced, the levels of incident thermal radiation and the resulting fire size and shape, following ignition. The results provide important data for the validation of mathematical models, used in developing risk assessment methodologies for gas pipelines, and in establishing those standards and design codes that are risk based.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies of Releases of High Pressure Natural Gas From Punctures and Rips in Above-Ground Pipework

Hankinson¹,

Lowesmith²,

Genillon³

et al. 2000

Volume 1: Codes, Standards and Regulations; Design and Constructions; Environmental; GIS/Database Development; Innovative Proje

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show abstract

“…Because of the nature of the release, with an initial highly transient phase followed by a slowly decaying (quasi steady state) release, the longer ignition is delayed the less the consequences will be. If ignition occurs immediately, the gas released during the initial transient (mushroom cloud) phase will burn as a fireball rising rapidly into the air and burning out within about thirty seconds after the failure [12]. If ignition is delayed, the fireball will not be seen.…”

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ignition of combustible material on buildings or structures can also be caused by intense thermal radiation, although this is again dependent on the thermal radiation flux level and the time of exposure. The threshold for buildings exposed to thermal radiation is taken as the thermal radiation dose at which secondary fires may be started by piloted ignition of combustible materials (this incorporates a minimum threshold of 12 kW/m 2 ) [12].…”

Section: Impact Assessment -Thermal Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of QRA to Inform the Design of a High Pressure Onshore Pipeline

Nelson

Caulfield²,

Cosham

2008

All Days

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The management of onshore pipeline safety in the United Kingdom is governed by the Pipelines Safety Regulations, 1996. This requires pipeline operators to design, build and operate pipelines to ensure that they are safe, so far as is reasonably practicable. This is achieved, in part, by applying good practice and designing the pipeline to recognised onshore pipeline design codes. Where the proposed design falls outside the guidance in the codes, quantitative risk assessment provides an effective means of demonstrating a safe design. This paper describes a study that was carried out to define the design requirements for the onshore section of a multiphase pipeline. The proposed pipeline will have a design pressure of 380 barg. However, onshore design codes PD 8010-1 and IGE/TD/1 do not provide guidance on the design of pipelines with design pressures exceeding 100 barg. Experience from other projects indicates that it is important to consider the implications of such high design pressures early in a project.The quantitative risk assessment considered a number of different design options. The safety risks of the proposed pipeline options were compared with those from a typical 100 barg gas transmission pipeline of the same diameter. This means that the risk of the proposed pipeline can be compared in a relative manner, to an 'acceptable' design, and in an absolute manner to limits on individual and societal risk.The results of QRAs of the different design options are summarised and discussed. The effects of mitigation measures, such as reducing the pipeline design factor (the ratio of the hoop stress to the specified minimum yield strength), increasing the wall thickness, and incorporating a pressure limiting system at the landfall, are illustrated.It is shown that the proposed design is feasible. The individual and societal risks for the proposed design were lower than that of a typical 100 barg gas transmission pipeline. The individual risk was in the broadly accepted region of risk, as defined by the Health and Safety Executive, and the societal risk was below the acceptance criterion given in IGE/TD/1.

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“…An outline of the contents of the PIPESAFE package is given by Acton et al (1998). The purpose of this paper is to provide further details about the models within the package that are used to assess the initial transient period that would follow a rupture, assuming that the release is ignited immediately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for the initial stages following the rupture of a natural gas transmission pipeline

Cleaver

Halford

2015

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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The Development of the PIPESAFE Risk Assessment Package for Gas Transmission Pipelines

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Studies of Releases of High Pressure Natural Gas From Punctures and Rips in Above-Ground Pipework

Experimental Studies of Releases of High Pressure Natural Gas From Punctures and Rips in Above-Ground Pipework

The Use of QRA to Inform the Design of a High Pressure Onshore Pipeline

A model for the initial stages following the rupture of a natural gas transmission pipeline

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