The Development of the Philtrum

Iw, Monie; Cacciatore, A

doi:10.1097/00006534-196209000-00001

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These patients demonstrate profound abnormalities of facial musculature, but the cutaneous structures are unaffected, which retains philtral integrity. The labial levators contribute bulk to the philtral ridges, but their integrity is not essential for philtral preservation [6]. The medial and lateral nasal processes fuse during the 6th and 7th weeks to form the philtrum Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital minor malformations of the soft tissue and muscle of the philtrum with associated nasal deformity

Goossens

Wilk

Meyer

2002

European Journal of Plastic Surgery

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A 9-year-old girl presented with an abnormal muscle of the upper lip, a congenital philtral deformity associated with a short columella and a bifid nose. The deformity was most clearly seen with facial expression. Congenital nasal anomalies may occur alone or in combination with clefts of the lips and face. In this case, there was no palpable facial cleft. The contribution of the medial nasal processes to the formation of the nasal septum, columella, and philtrum and the proposed embryologic errors have been well described. A threedimensional model of the philtrum and a transverse histological section from a third trimester fetus is illustrated. The smooth muscle tissues are formed by the embryonic connective tissue. A minor malformation of unilateral skin and soft tissue between columella and philtrum may be a focal fetal dysplasia and can be considered a type of facial cleft. The patient can be classified in a morphogenetic group with a slight focal fetal dysplasia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital minor malformations of the soft tissue and muscle of the philtrum with associated nasal deformity

Goossens

Wilk

Meyer

2002

European Journal of Plastic Surgery

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“…Monie and Cacciatore have shown that fusion of the facial processes occurs prior to the appearance of a philtrum [7]. Embryonic development continues for several more weeks before circular integrity of the orbicularis oris is achieved and vertically oriented muscle fibers appear in relation to the philtral columns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary reconstruction of the short philtrum in the bilateral cleft deformity

Jackson

Lincenberg²

1990

Eur J Plast Surg

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This technique for reconstruction of the short philtrum requires an understanding of the viscoelastic properties of the skin and how to use these to increase skin dimensions. This is combined with contouring and splinting with a subcutaneous cartilage graft. Three representative cases are presented to illustrate the method to achieve an aesthetically acceptable lip and its longterm follow-up. No complications have been encountered using this over a 15-year period. The technique can be combined with other secondary reconstructive procedures on the lip and palate.

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“…Some histogenetical studies have proposed hypotheses regarding philtrum development during the foetal period (Monie and Cacciatore, 1962;Latham and Deaton, 1976;Briedis and Jackson, 1983). Latham and Briedis deduced that the muscle fibres of the orbicularis oris, nasalis, and levator labii superioris, predominantly run under the perioral skin horizontally, partially connected to the subcutaneous layer, and changing its course in a vertical direction at the lateral side of the upper lip, thus helping to form the philtral column.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Morphological Features Of the Philtral Dimplementioning

confidence: 99%

The morphological features and developmental changes of the philtral dimple: A guide to surgical intervention in cases of cleft lip

Kishi

Tanaka

Iida

et al. 2012

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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The Development of the Philtrum

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Congenital minor malformations of the soft tissue and muscle of the philtrum with associated nasal deformity

Congenital minor malformations of the soft tissue and muscle of the philtrum with associated nasal deformity

Secondary reconstruction of the short philtrum in the bilateral cleft deformity

The morphological features and developmental changes of the philtral dimple: A guide to surgical intervention in cases of cleft lip

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