The development of the Pain Management Inventory for patients with arthritis

Abstract

The initial development of the Pain Management Inventory (PMI), a precise clinical index of pain management methods intended for use with patients with arthritis, is reported The PMI differs from available instruments in its intent to assess specific methods that the individual is currently using for arthritis pain management and the perceived helpfulness of these methods, thus providing information to be used in combination with other clinical indicators for planning and evaluating ongoing pain self‐management Sixteen of 17 items, or methods, initially demonstrated content validity Using methods appropriate for an index of independent items, psychometric testing with a sample of 82 persons having a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis then focused on estimating the construct validity and test‐retest reliability of each item Findings assist in better understanding how various methods relate to overall pain management when it is defined as successfully taking care of or handling the pain as viewed within a cognitive‐behavioural framework Findings suggest that there are eight items that represent valid and reliable pain management methods These items should be used and evaluated with additional arthritis samples to determine whether the findings replicate

The epidemiology of chronic pain in a general population: results of a survey in southern Sweden

“…While these two factors may be related, their relationship is unclear. The use of non-pharmacological methods was in general fairly low, which has also been observed in other studies (27,30,31). One explanation for the sparse use of nonpharmacological methods may be a lack of knowledge among both healthcare professionals and patients.…”

Management of Persistent Pain in Older Adults: The MOBILIZE Boston Study

“…Low dose aspirin was not included as an analgesic in our study. To assess NPS, we used a modification of the list used in the Pain Management Inventory 26 . Participants were asked if they were currently using any of 17 approaches for pain relief on a regular basis.…”

Pain experiences and self‐management strategies among middle‐aged and older adults with arthritis

“…). Pharmacological methods can be divided into prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications (Davis & Atwood , Katz , Chiou et al . ).…”

“…, Veitiene & Tamulaitiene , Chiou et al . ), hot baths (Davis & Atwood , Katz ), exercise (Hammond , Veitiene & Tamulaitiene ), massage (Hampson et al . , Chiou et al .…”