The development of the nursing profession in a globalised context: A qualitative case study in Kerala, India

International nurse migration from India and the Philippines: the challenge of meeting the sustainable development goals in training, orderly migration and healthcare worker retention

“…Additionally, the requirement for experience in large urban hospitals has led to created a the situation where health institutions require are able to ask recent graduates to volunteer their time, or indeed in many cases pay a 'training fee' in order to gain the necessary experience for overseas employment. The same can be said for India in light of the hard fought battles over improved salaries and conditions of work for nurses domestically (Timmons et al 2016). The poor domestic working conditions for nurses in both India and the Philippines are frequently noted as the cause for much nurse emigration; yet neither of these governments have significant motivation to vastly improve conditions in order to retain its nurses, depending instead on the significant oversupply of newly trained nurses that emerge from private colleges.…”

“…Combined with the Philippines' state-sponsored culture of migration, women, particularly nurses, perceive emigration as one of the only means to escape poverty and un-or under-employment, in order to achieve the social mobility they and their families desire (Thompson 2017;Gill 2016). While the state organized nature of nurse emigration is less official in the Indian case, the Government of India appears to favor the increased privatization of the health educational sector, which is driven by commercial interests that play off the international demand for nurses (Timmons, Evans, and Nair 2016). A But, at the same time the Indian state also has acted to restricts female domestic worker migration by age in the name of protecting their rights (Kodoth and Varghese 2012), and in the case of nursing, curtailing migration to certain countries (including Gulf Cooperation Countries) as permissible only in cases involving government recruitment agencies (GOI-MEA, 2017).…”

Power distance and migrant nurses: The liminality of acculturation

“…A study by Johnson, Green, and Maben () identifies that until recently nursing in India was a low status, menial, stigmatised job, as many aspects of the work contravene notions of purity and the traditional role of women, such as working outside of the home and engaging with strangers’ bodily fluids. Due to migration opportunities, nursing has become a more valued profession (Timmons, Evans, & Nair, ). Nurses from both the Philippines and India have identified that the high comparative status of New Zealand nurses, including the educational and advanced practice opportunities, was an influential factor in migration (Mowat & Harr, ).…”

Achieving Consensus on Continuing Professional Development Priorities for Registered Nurses in Rural and Remote India through Nominal Group Technique

“…This is an important finding in the context of this study as previous research demonstrates that factors such as income and workload were significant predictors of practitioner retention in rural areas [49]. However, on the contrary, evidence suggests that nurses in India lack clear career pathways and mechanisms for promotion [50] in most health care organizations.…”

“…Stakeholders identified personal, professional and organisational barriers to CPD access and these were largely reflective of the existing and longstanding global evidence base in this area [14] [15] [17]. However, the challenges of remote and rural working can further heighten these barriers [50] and pose a special challenge because of cost and staffing issues [48]. Stakeholders identified a range of facilitators to support nurses' engagement with CPD and ranked recognition of CPD (for example by award of accreditation, promotion or increased remuneration) as the most significant.…”