The development of the human brain, the closure of the caudal neuropore, and the beginning of secondary neurulation at stage 12

Müller, Fabiola; OʼRahilly, Ronan

doi:10.1007/bf00310083

Cited by 219 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…According to Müller and O'Rahilly, 43 human secondary neurulation more closely resembles that in the mouse; in their study, the neural cord was continuous with the primary neural tube, a single lumen was present and continuous with the central canal of the primary neural tube, and no overlap zone was observed. In contrast, Lemire 34 and Bolli 4 have described multiple independent secondary tubes associated with separate lumina and no discernible connection with one another or the primary neural tube as occurs in the chick.…”

Section: Secondary Neurulationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Embryology of myelomeningocele and anencephaly

Dias

Partington

2004

FOC

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The authors review current views on of the embryogenesis of the neural tube defects (NTDs) myelomeningocele and anencephaly. In this context, the following four approaches to the study of NTDs are discussed: normal morphogenesis and timing of early human neural development from conception to the ascent of the conus medullaris; mechanical and molecular biology of neural tube closure derived from experimental and animal models; morphological and biomechanical features of the NTDs myelomeningocele and anencephaly; and the experimental evidence for the importance of both genetic and environmental influences on human NTDs. Although considerable insight into both normal neural tube closure and the factor(s) by which this process may be disrupted has been reported in recent years, the exact mechanism(s) by which human myelomeningoceles and anencephaly arise remain elusive.

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Section: Secondary Neurulationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Embryology of myelomeningocele and anencephaly

Dias

Partington

2004

FOC

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“…8,15 Premature dysjunction (i.e., dysjunction preceding neural fold fusion and allowing invasion of mesodermal tissues into the neural tube) leads to the development of the spinal lipoma. 8,15 Secondary neurulation-which begins at POD 26-27, when the caudal neuropore closes 10 -differs from primary neurulation in that it neither involves the ectoderm nor forms a neural canal from the neural plate. Instead, secondary neurulation is the process in which mesenchymal cells undergo epithelialization and tubulogenesis.…”

Section: Discussion Embryonic Process Of Neural Tube Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The caudal eminence gives rise to the caudal portion of the digestive tube, blood vessels, and the future somites of the S1-2 vertebral level and below-and eventually the spinal cord. [10][11][12][13] The caudal eminence fuses with the caudal neuropore and forms a solid cellular mass called the neural cord at POD 26, which then undergoes cavitation and connects to the central canal already present in the neural tube. By this process of cavitation, the solid neural cord transforms into a hollow secondary neural tube and fuses with the neural tube formed by primary neurulation into a continuous entity.…”

Section: Discussion Embryonic Process Of Neural Tube Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New classification of spinal lipomas based on embryonic stage

Morota

Ihara

Ogiwara

2017

PED

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OBJECTIVE Spinal lipomas are generally thought to occur as a result of failed primary neurulation. However, some clinical features cannot be explained by this theory. The authors propose a novel classification of spinal lipomas based on embryonic changes seen during primary and secondary neurulation. METHODS A total of 677 patients with occult spinal dysraphism underwent 699 surgeries between August 2002 and May 2015 at the National Center for Child Health and Development and Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center. This group of patients had 378 spinal lipomas, including 119 conus spinal lipomas, 27 lipomyelomeningoceles, and 232 filum lipomas, which the authors classified into 4 types based on neural tube formation during embryonic development. Type 1 is defined as pure primary neurulation failure; Type 2 ranges from primary to secondary neurulation failure; Type 3 consists of secondary neurulation failure (early phase); and Type 4 is defined as secondary neurulation failure (late phase). The authors also review embryogenesis in secondary neurulation and analyze the clinical utility of the new classification. RESULTS There were 55 Type 1 spinal lipomas, 29 Type 2, 62 Type 3, and 232 Type 4. All filum lipomas fell into the Type 4 spinal lipoma category. Association with anorectal and/or sacral anomalies was seen in none of the Type 1 cases, 15 (52%) of Type 2, 35 (56%) of Type 3, and 31 (13%) of Type 4. Urogenital anomalies were observed in none of the Type 1 or Type 2 cases, 1 (2%) of Type 3, and 28 (12%) of Type 4. Anomaly syndromes were present in none of the Type 1 cases, 6 (21%) of Type 2, 3 (5%) of Type 3, and 16 (7%) of Type 4. Associated anomalies or anomaly syndromes were clearly observed only for Type 2–4 spinal lipomas encompassing failed secondary neurulation. Radical resection was feasible for Type 1 spinal lipomas. CONCLUSIONS Secondary neurulation of the spinal cord gives rise to the conus medullaris and filum terminale, which are often involved in spinal lipomas. Formation of spinal lipomas seems to be a continuous process overlapping primary and secondary neurulation in some cases. Association with other anomalies was higher in Type 2–4 spinal lipomas, which included failed secondary neurulation, than in Type 1 lipomas, with failed primary neurulation. On the other hand, radical resection was indicated for Type 1, but not for Type 2, spinal lipomas. The new classification of spinal lipomas based on embryonic stage has the potential for clinical use and agrees well with both clinical and surgical findings. The classification proposed here is still preliminary. Further studies and verification are necessary to establish its clinical utility.

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“…Mesodermal layers on both sides of the notochord mainly differentiate into paraxial, middle, and lateral regions (10,20). The notochord also induces differentiation of the mesoderm into somites through a longitudinal segmentation process (22,23,26). Somites are paired structures localized on both sides of the embryonic midline that are constructed from mesoderm-derived epithelial blocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of associated vertebra and costal anomalies in spina bifida patients

Alataş¹,

Canaz²,

Saraçoğlu³

et al. 2016

Romanian Neurosurgery

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Abstract:Objective: Spina bifida is one of the most severe birth defects and can happen as a result of disrupted primary neurulation. Congenital vertebra and costa anomalies are more frequently seen with spina bifida, and associated anomalies significantly affect the prognosis of affected children. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of scoliosis, costal anomalies, and vertebral deformations seen at the time of diagnosis and to statistically evaluate their concomitancies. Methods: Gender and mean ages of the patients were determined. The spina bifida patients were examined for deformation anomalies, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra, wedge vertebra, costal anomalies and scoliosis. The relationships between these anomalies were evaluated. Results: 94 patients with a mean age of 11,5 months examined. The incidence of scoliosis was 21.8% among female infants and 17.9% among males. Rates of scoliosis with vertebra anomalies (hemivertebra, wedge vertebra) and costal anomalies did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Wedge vertebra were the most frequent vertebra anomaly type with 38.2% ratio. Costal anomalies were detected in 25.5% of females and 20.5% of male infants. Hemivertebra and wedge vertebra were seen significantly more frequently in this group. Gender distribution did not differ between with and without any vertebra types. Conclusion: Congenital vertebra and costa anomalies are more frequently seen with spina bifida. We believe that these anomalies and relationship with spina bifida may demonstrate differences among different ethnic groups or locations. More detailed multi-centered studies performed on this issue will aid in the determination of etiologies, genetics, and treatment principles of these congenital anomalies.

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The development of the human brain, the closure of the caudal neuropore, and the beginning of secondary neurulation at stage 12

Cited by 219 publications

References 41 publications

Embryology of myelomeningocele and anencephaly

Embryology of myelomeningocele and anencephaly

New classification of spinal lipomas based on embryonic stage

Statistical analysis of associated vertebra and costal anomalies in spina bifida patients

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