The development of the human notochord

Bree, Karel de; Bakker, Bernadette S. de; Oostra, Roelof‐Jan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205752

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The mesoderm initially forms in the primitive streak during gastrulation and later continues developing in the tail bud. First, the chordamesoderm forms a notochord that expands beneath the neural tube, as observed in human embryos 7 . The mesoderm lies along the notochord and divides into the paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm 8 .…”

Section: Development Of the Mesodermmentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding paraxial mesoderm development and sclerotome specification for skeletal repair

et al. 2020

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are attractive regenerative therapy tools for skeletal tissues. However, a deep understanding of skeletal development is required in order to model this development with PSCs, and for the application of PSCs in clinical settings. Skeletal tissues originate from three types of cell populations: the paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest. The paraxial mesoderm gives rise to the sclerotome mainly through somitogenesis. In this process, key developmental processes, including initiation of the segmentation clock, formation of the determination front, and the mesenchymal–epithelial transition, are sequentially coordinated. The sclerotome further forms vertebral columns and contributes to various other tissues, such as tendons, vessels (including the dorsal aorta), and even meninges. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental processes, extensive studies have been conducted. These studies have demonstrated that a gradient of activities involving multiple signaling pathways specify the embryonic axis and induce cell-type-specific master transcription factors in a spatiotemporal manner. Moreover, applying the knowledge of mesoderm development, researchers have attempted to recapitulate the in vivo development processes in in vitro settings, using mouse and human PSCs. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art understanding of mesoderm development and in vitro modeling of mesoderm development using PSCs. We also discuss future perspectives on the use of PSCs to generate skeletal tissues for basic research and clinical applications.

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Section: Development Of the Mesodermmentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding paraxial mesoderm development and sclerotome specification for skeletal repair

et al. 2020

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“…As the embryo grows and the requirement for nutrition increases, the cardiovascular system matures through the development of paired dorsal aortae. At Days 26–30, the notochordal plate buds off from the neural tube and detaches from the endoderm, initiating the secretion of signaling molecules from the notochord that orchestrate the timing and pattern of fusion of the dorsal aortae (Sato, ; de Bree et al, ). This commences with the lateral to medial migration of the dorsal aortae toward the midline, and angiogenesis of microvessels to connect the right and left dorsal aortae and form the single descending aorta (Sato, ; de Bree et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential growth patterns of the abdominal aorta and vertebrae during childhood

2019

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The adult vertebral level of the splanchnic branches of the abdominal aorta relies on a complex series of fusion and regression steps during embryological development, such that variation is common. Little is known however regarding the anatomy of the abdominal aorta in children. This study aimed to investigate the spatial relationship between the abdominal aorta and the vertebral column during childhood development to inform clinical management of pediatric patients. Retrospective multislice computed tomography abdominopelvic angiograms of children aged neonate to 19 years (n = 232) were used to examine vertebral levels of the celiac trunk (CoT), superior mesenteric artery (SMA), inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), and aortic bifurcation (AB) using multiplanar formatting views in OsiriX. The abdominal aorta length, AB angle, and displacement of the aorta from the midline were quantified with the effect of age and sex analyzed using multinomial logistic regression and general linear models. The most frequent origins of CoT, SMA, IMA, and AB were T12, L1, L3, and L4, respectively, with significant variation in vertebral level for each vessel. SMA level was significantly more proximal with age, and CoTand AB demonstrated marked sex differences in vertebral level. As the age of the child increased, AB angle decreased, aortic displacement increased, and the length of the abdominal aorta increased at a slower velocity to the vertebral column (P < 0.001). Our study highlights the variation of the location and geometry of the abdominal aorta in children; this knowledge will positively impact pediatric surgical approaches and endovascular procedures. Clin. Anat. 32:783-793, 2019.

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“…This adds emphasis to the idea that the mesoderm is primary, and the neural system is secondary. At best, de Bree, de Bakker, and Oostra [ 21 ] suggest they might be interrelated, which leads to the insight that the body is a dynamic, interconnected (or entangled) whole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HeartMath Coherence Model Throws New Light on Arka Dhyana Intuitive Meditation

2021

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In an experimental evaluation of an introductory Arka Dhyana (Intuitive Meditation) course, HeartMath (HM) Inner Balance or emWave2 electronic technology showed highly significant increases in both coherence and achievement in six participants who learned how to change their level of consciousness as proposed by the Theory of the Six Main Levels of Consciousness. During the course, which was offered to an international audience via Zoom technology, participants intended to connect with their deeper self, being, or essence, by bringing their I-ego-awareness from the thinking mind, often associated with the frontal part of the brain, to 19 energetic stations in the body including the heart centre. Considering the results from the HeartMath Coherence Model viewpoint, it seems this intended shift leads to cardiovascular phase synchronicity and interconnection of various bodily subsystems, which is also comprehensible based on our bodily development during embryogenesis. Qualitative statements involving feeling also point to increases in well-being, indicating changes in levels and individual transformative experiences as predicted by the Theory of the Six Main Levels of Consciousness. Increased focus, stilling of the mind, and calming of emotions also seem to be health benefit by-products of Intuitive Meditation (IM), but further research on more advanced practitioners is needed. This preliminary study needs to be repeated using a bigger sample size and further research on more advanced IM practitioners is required.

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The development of the human notochord

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Understanding paraxial mesoderm development and sclerotome specification for skeletal repair

Understanding paraxial mesoderm development and sclerotome specification for skeletal repair

Differential growth patterns of the abdominal aorta and vertebrae during childhood

HeartMath Coherence Model Throws New Light on Arka Dhyana Intuitive Meditation

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