The Development of the Foetal Lung

Pattle, R. E.

doi:10.1002/9780470719688.ch8

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Therefore it enters the embryo with a speed consistent with the view that it is drawn in by pressure changes. In addition it would support the view of Pattle (1969) that surfactant is present within the avian respiratory system; the evidence suggests that this occurs at the latest by the beak-clapping stage.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Behaviour and aeration of the respiratory system in the domestic fowl embryo.

Vince¹

1976

The Journal of Physiology

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1. The monitoring of developmental stage and under‐water dissection were used to examine the initial aeration of the respiratory system in domestic fowl embryos. 2. A virtually complete absence of free air within the chorioallantois was found before the beak had begun to make 'beak‐clapping' movements, even when the membranes were already draped over its tip. 3. During the 'beak‐clapping' stage, but before the membranes were pierced and before respiratory movements had begun, many embryos were found to contain free bubbles of air within the trachea and air sacs. 4. All embryos in which the respiratory system was aerated were found also to have froth in the crop or other parts of the digestive system. 5. Air was found in both the respiratory and digestive systems of all embryos examined after membrane penetration by the beak. 6. When air was injected into the chorioallantois before the stage of initial aeration it was recovered 5 min later from both the respiratory and digestive systems in under‐water dissections. 7. It is suggested that lung ventilation takes place in the avian embryo in three distinct stages: the major air‐ways become aerated, then respiratory movements begin and lastly the tertiary bronchi are slowly aerated. It is suggested also that movements involved in the imbibing of fluids play a part in aeration before the membranes are pierced.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Behaviour and aeration of the respiratory system in the domestic fowl embryo.

Vince¹

1976

The Journal of Physiology

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“…In order that the moist surfaces of the lung alveoli may re-expand readily after expiration once breathing commences, surfactant, a phospholipid, is secreted into their lumina by type II cells. In man, surfactant appears about the 25th week (24) and sufficient is usually present by the 35th week for the lung to be considered mature (25). The days of gestation on which surfactant is found in some other animals is as follows: mouse, 18, rabbit, 27; and lamb, 124 (26).…”

Section: Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems.

Monie¹

1976

Environ Health Perspect

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The timing of some key embryological events is given for man, rat, chick, and certain other animals. Such times, however, are approximations, and variations occur among menmbers of the same strain and even among members of the same litter. Some differences in developmental patterns are indicated.This paper attempts to describe and tabulate the times at which comparable stages in the development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems occur in different animals. Since genetic and environmental factors influence rate of development, and investigators may differ as to the way of calculating the duration of gestation as well as to when an organ is actually established, it must be emphasized that all times given are subject to variation.Many sources (1-21) have been consulted in regard to timings and to features of development. The tables provided by Altman and Dittmer (1), and by Shepard (15), have been found especially useful.Since time of fertilization is not determinable, ovulation age has been used for man and the macaque, and ovulation or copulation age for other mammals. In the case of the rat, the times given agree fairly well with those for the LongEvans rats in our colony where the day of finding sperm in the vagina is called day zero.Times shown for the chick are incubation days, it being remembered that when the egg is laid development is already about 24 to 36 hr under way. The rate of development of birds, however, is greatly influenced by temperature.

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Alimentary and Respiratory Systems, Pleural and Peritoneal Cavities

Hamilton¹,

Mossman²

1972

Human Embryology

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The Development of the Foetal Lung

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Behaviour and aeration of the respiratory system in the domestic fowl embryo.

Behaviour and aeration of the respiratory system in the domestic fowl embryo.

Comparative development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems.

Alimentary and Respiratory Systems, Pleural and Peritoneal Cavities

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