The Development of the External Granular Layer of the Cerebellum and Neurobehavioral Correlates in Neonatal Rats Following Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to Caffeine

Olopade, Funmilayo; Shokunbi, M T

doi:10.1089/jcr.2017.0010

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…At postnatal day 21, it is expected for the EGL to have virtually disappeared, with molecular layer extending from the Purkinje cell layer to the pial surface [ 39 , 58 , 59 ]. This reduced radial migration of external granular cells through the molecular layer is a component of impaired cerebellar development [ 60 , 61 ] resulting in hypercellular molecular layer [ 59 ], and this could cause abnormalities of movement and balancing in kola nut-treated rats. This observation warrants further study to ascertain the mechanisms by which kola nut alters the proliferation and persistence of the external granular layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kola nut from Cola nitida vent. Schott administered to pregnant rats induces histological alterations in pups’ cerebellum

et al. 2021

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Kola nut (from Cola nitida) is popular in Nigeria and West Africa and is commonly consumed by pregnant women during the first trimester to alleviate morning sickness and dizziness. There is, however, a dearth of information on its effects on the developing brain. This study, therefore, investigated the potential effects of kola nut on the structure of the developing neonatal and juvenile cerebellum in the rat. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered water (as control) or crude (aqueous) kola nut extract at 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight orally, from pregnancy to day 21 after birth. On postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, the pups were weighed, anaesthetised, sacrificed and perfused with neutral buffered formalin. Their brains were dissected out, weighed and the cerebellum preserved in 10% buffered formalin. Paraffin sections of the cerebellum were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for cerebellar cytoarchitecture, cresyl violet stain for Purkinje cell count, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estimation of gliosis, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) IHC for apoptosis induction. The kola nut-treated rats exhibited initial reduction in body and brain weights, persistent external granular layer, increased molecular layer thickness, and loss of Bergmann glia. Their Purkinje cells showed reduction in density, loss of dendrites and multiple layering, and their white matter showed neurodegeneration (spongiosis) and GFAP and Bcl-2 over-expression, with evidence of reactive astrogliosis. This study, therefore, demonstrates that kola nut, administered repeatedly at certain doses to pregnant dams, could disrupt normal postnatal cerebellar development in their pups. The findings suggest potential deleterious effects of excessive kola nut consumption on human brain and thus warrant further studies to understand the wider implications for human brain development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kola nut from Cola nitida vent. Schott administered to pregnant rats induces histological alterations in pups’ cerebellum

et al. 2021

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“…Unfortunately, there is very little research regarding the effects of paternal caffeine administration on offspring development. However, prenatal maternal caffeine exposure operates on a dose response spectrum whereby, higher doses of caffeine delayed 57 and lower doses enhanced sensorimotor functioning 58 . Furthermore, when administered to the mothers, the addition of alcohol to high doses of caffeine did not exert a discernible effect in pup sensorimotor development 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Paternal exposure to exercise and/or caffeine and alcohol modify offspring behavioral and pathophysiological recovery from repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescence

Eyolfson

Bhatt

Wang

et al. 2021

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Only recently has the scope of parental research expanded to include the paternal sphere with epidemiological studies implicating stress, nutrition and alcohol consumption in the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of offspring. This study was designed to determine if paternal exposure to caffeine, alcohol and exercise prior to conception would improve or exacerbate offspring recovery from adolescent repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI). Sires received 7 weeks of standard drinking water, or caffeine and ethanol and were housed in regular cages or cages with running wheels, prior to being mated to control females. At postnatal day 40, offspring were administered RmTBI or sham injuries and were assessed for post concussive symptomology. Post‐mortem quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to assess gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and changes in telomere length. Additionally, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA's) were run on serum to detect levels of cytokines, chemokines and sex hormones. Paternal experience did not improve or exacerbate RmTBI behavioral outcomes. However, female and male offspring displayed unique responses to RmTBI and paternal experience, resulting in changes in physical, behavioral and molecular outcomes. Injury and paternal exercise modified changes in female offspring, whereas male offspring were affected by paternal exercise, caffeine and alcohol treatment. Additionally, paternal experience and RmTBI modified expression of many genes in the PFC, NAc, telomere length and levels of sex hormones. Although further exploration is required to understand the heterogeneity that exists in disease risk and resiliency, this study provides corroborating evidence that paternal experiences prior to conception influences offspring development.

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The Development of the External Granular Layer of the Cerebellum and Neurobehavioral Correlates in Neonatal Rats Following Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to Caffeine

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Kola nut from Cola nitida vent. Schott administered to pregnant rats induces histological alterations in pups’ cerebellum

Kola nut from Cola nitida vent. Schott administered to pregnant rats induces histological alterations in pups’ cerebellum

Paternal exposure to exercise and/or caffeine and alcohol modify offspring behavioral and pathophysiological recovery from repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescence

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