The Development of the Diencephalon of the Chinese Hamster

Keyser, A.

doi:10.1159/isbn.978-3-8055-8703-7

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…In the dorsal thalamus and epithalamus, the Pax-6 gene transcripts were still detected in the internal germinative layer (Fig. 2C-F), consistent with the described sharp ventrodorsal gradient of differentiation of the diencephalon (Angevine, 1970;Keyser, 1972). In addition, a thin layer of Pax-6-positive cells close to the zona limitans was detected in the dorsal thalamus (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This low-cell-density region [designated also zona limitans interparencephalica (Puelles et al, 1987) or reticular protuberance (Altman and Bayer, 1986)] separates the dorsal from the ventral thalamus. It develops at the furrow between the forebrain neuromeres-the parencephalon anterior and the parencephalon posterior (Keyser, 1972;Puelles et al, 1987; equivalent to neuromere I and II of Coggeshall, 1964). In accordance with the reported caudorostral gradient of the differentiation of the diencephalon (Angevine, 1970) the expression ofPaxin a more anterior section plane was detected in both the ventricular and mantle layer of the ventral thalamus (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…mouse brain, the main expression domain of Pax-6 in the developing diencephalon is confined to the ventral thalamus (the former parencephalon anterior), while in the dorsal thalamus (the former parencephalon posterior) it delineates the epithalamic region. In the pretectum (the former synencephalon), in its commissural as well as its precommissural part (Keyser, 1972), Pax-7 and Pax-3 genes are expressed while Pax-6 expression is detected in the precommissural part of this region (see also Fig. 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Roles of Pax-genes in developing and adult brain as suggested by expression patterns

1994

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We have examined the transcript distribution of six members of the murine paired box-containing gene family (Pax-gene family) in midgestation embryo and adult brain using in situ hybridization analysis. The expression domains of several Pax-genes in the embryo brain were found to correspond with anatomical boundaries that coincide with neuromere landmarks and therefore respect former neuromere territories in the forebrain. The results are consistent with the concept of brain segmentation and suggest a role for Pax-genes in the brain regionalization. In the adult brain the expression of Pax-genes was observed in discreet areas, with a caudal to rostral restriction in the number of the expressed genes. In general the distribution of transcripts along the anterior-posterior axis was similar to that found in midgestation embryo brain, suggesting a role for Pax-genes in the commitment of the precursor cells to different neuronal cell fates and in the maintenance of specific brain cell subtypes. In the cerebellar cortex, the granular cell layer was found to express high levels of the Pax-6 gene, while putative Bergmann glia and cells surrounding the Purkinje cells contained Pax-3 transcripts. The main adult brain structures that expressed distinct Pax-mRNAs were the periglomerular and granular cell layer of olfactory bulb, nuclei of the septum, amygdala, and isthmus, which suggests a role for the Pax-gene family in the specification of the subcortical domains of the evolutionary old limbic system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Roles of Pax-genes in developing and adult brain as suggested by expression patterns

1994

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“…In the diencephalon, however, there is no obvious repeat pattern to neurogenesis. Rather, there is an overall ventral to dorsal progression (Bergquist and Kallen, 1954;Keyser, 1972), reflected in the expression of the transcription factors Dlx2, Gbx2, and Prox in the ventral thalamus, dorsal thalamus, and synencephalon, respectively. However, neurogenesis begins earlier in the synencephalon, and Prox expression precedes that of Gbx2 and Dlx2 by three stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of morphology (Bergquist and Kallen, 1935;Coggeshall, 1964;Vaage, 1969;Keyser, 1972) and gene expression (Bulfone et al, 1993;Rubenstein et al, 1994), the diencephalon has been subdivided into three neuromeres (or prosomeres), corresponding with the synencephalon (presumptive pretectum), posterior parencephalon (presumptive dorsal thalamus), and anterior parencephalon (presumptive ventral thalamus). Figdor and Stern (1993) further divided the synencephalon into posterior and anterior regions and made the important claim that diencephalic neuromeres are, like rhombomeres, true neural segments, i.e., they are compartments defined by cell lineage restriction.…”

Section: Abstract: Diencephalon; Cns; Segmentation; Neuromeres; Bounmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary Formation and Compartition in the Avian Diencephalon

2001

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The diencephalon comprises three functionally distinct regions: synencephalon, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus. Patterning of the diencephalon has been proposed to involve subdivision of its anteroposterior axis into segments, neuromeres or prosomeres (Bergquist and Kallen, 1954;Vaage, 1969;Figdor and Stern, 1993;Rubenstein et al., 1994;Redies et al., 2000;Yoon et al., 2000). However, the number and sequence of diencephalic neuromeres, or even their existence, are uncertain. We have examined the proposed subdivisions by morphology, gene expression, acquisition of boundary-specific phenotypes, and cell lineage restriction. We find that at stage 16 in chick the diencephalon is divided into synencephalon and parencephalon. The synencephalon exhibits neuromeric morphology, expresses Prox, and acquires neuromere boundary properties at its interface with both the midbrain and the parencephalon. Although the mesencephalic/synencephalic boundary restricts cell mixing, the synencephalic/parencephalic boundary does not. Similarly, there is no lineage restriction between the parencephalon and the more rostral forebrain (secondary prosencephalon). Subdivision of the parencephalon into ventral and dorsal thalamus involves the formation of a narrow intraparencephalic territory, the zona limitans intrathalamica (zli). This is correlated with the acquisition of cell lineage restriction at both anterior and posterior borders of the zli, the appearance of boundary-specific properties, and Gbx2 and Dlx2 expression in dorsal thalamic and ventral thalamic territories, respectively. At stage 22, the synencephalon is divided into two domains, distinguished by differential gene expression and tissue morphology, but associated with neither a boundary phenotype nor cell lineage restriction. Our results suggest that the diencephalon does not have an overt segmental pattern.

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Stereotyped axonal bundle formation and neuromeric patterns in embryos of a cyclostome,Lampetra japonica

et al. 1998

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Early embryonic development of the nervous system of a lamprey, Lampetra japonica, was studied by using immunohistochemical techniques and by scanning electron microscopy. The earliest appearance of axons was detected at Tahara's stage 21-, when dorsolateral and ventral longitudinal fasciculi were present in the hindbrain and spinal cord regions. The branchiomeric nerve roots began to appear at stage 22; the fibers were joined to the dorsolateral fasciculus proximally and also extended distally into each pharyngeal arch. The anterior neural tube was divided into several neuromeres: the mid-hindbrain sulcus became apparent first, then the portion rostral to this sulcus was subdivided into two portions by the syn-parencephalic boundary. In the hindbrain around stage 23, rhombomeres developed transiently, of which, rhombomere 4 was the most distinctive. Putative crest cells forming the octavofacial nerve root anlage were selectively adhering to rhombomere 4, whereas no crest cells were found on rhombomere 3. The assignment of the crest-derived nerve anlage to rhombomeres is conserved between gnathostomes and L. japonica. The neuromerical scheme of the neural tube of L. japonica is also mostly in accordance with that in gnathostomes, sharing the basic developmental patterning of axon bundles at early developmental stages. The most distinct difference between these two groups is the topographical relationships between the hindbrain neuraxis and pharyngeal arches, as well as the otic placode.

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The Development of the Diencephalon of the Chinese Hamster

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Roles of Pax-genes in developing and adult brain as suggested by expression patterns

Roles of Pax-genes in developing and adult brain as suggested by expression patterns

Boundary Formation and Compartition in the Avian Diencephalon

Stereotyped axonal bundle formation and neuromeric patterns in embryos of a cyclostome,Lampetra japonica

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