The development of the caudal ligaments of the mesonephros and of the gonads: a contribution to the development of the human gubernaculum (Hunteri)

Ludwig, Kurt S.

doi:10.1007/bf00187012

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Summing up the above a conclusion can be drawn concerning nonsynchronous descending of the uterine tubes into the pelvic cavity. Immersion of the uterine tubes into the uterine-rectal depression was often observed in late fetuses, which differs considerably from the results of studies conducted by the majority of authors [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Characteristics of the uterine tubes in the fetal period: topographic and morphometric parallels

Проняєв

Bulyk

2019

Rep. of Morph.

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Topicality of the study is stipulated by the importance of objective data for medicine concerning formation of the structure and topographic-anatomical interrelations of the uterine tubes with adjacent organs and structures during the prenatal period of human ontogenesis. Objective: to find and compare tendencies of changes of the uterine tube morphologic parameters in the two groups of fetuses remote in time, and determine age peculiarities of their topography during perinatal period of development. The experimental material (specimens of fetuses) was divided into two groups: І group – 35 specimens of fetuses deceased during 2017-2019; ІІ group – 105 specimens of fetuses taken from the Museum of the Departments of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery at Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University”, collected during 1970-1990. Every group was subdivided into 7 subgroups according to 10 months of the fetal period of development (from the 4th to the 10th months). The results obtained were statistically processed in the licensed statistical package “Statistica 6.0” using nonparametric methods to evaluate the results. Regular changes in the topography of the right and left uterine tubes, changes in their shape and histological structure are observed. Both uterine tubes were found to occupy an ascending position in thirty cases out of sixty examined specimens of early fetuses (4-6 months of age). In twenty cases one uterine tube was found to be in an ascending position, and in ten cases both uterine tubes were placed practically horizontally. The study of uterine tube morphogenesis in 7-month fetuses found that the structure and topography of the uterine tubes in different age periods differ. In two 7-month fetuses the uterine tubes were found to be in an ascending position, in eight cases one uterine tube (the left one – in six cases out of eight) was in a horizontal position, and in ten cases two uterine tubes were directed practically horizontally. During the 8th month of the antenatal development one uterine tube was found to be in an ascending position out of eight cases; in ten cases both uterine tubes were in the position close to a horizontal one; and in two cases the left uterine tube was in a descending position. In 9-month fetuses both uterine tubes were found to be in a horizontal position in twelve cases, in eight cases one of the uterine tubes was in the position close to a descending one. In fourteen fetuses 10 months of development one uterine tube was in a descending position, and only in six cases both uterine tubes were located horizontally. The length of the uterine tubes of 4-7-month fetuses deceased during 2017-2019 was not found to differ reliably. Similar regularity was found in the group of fetuses aged from 9 to 10 months. The length of the uterine tubes of the archival specimens increases reliably every two months. In this group of fetuses the parameters of the uterine tube length aged from 9 to 10 months were found to differ reliably contrary to the length of the uterine tubes in the group of modern specimens of a similar age. Comparison of dynamics in changes of the uterine tube length in the two groups of fetuses remote in time showed that within the frame of one group differences in the morphometric parameters between the right and left uterine tubes are not considerable. Therefore, the study of peculiarities in the structure of the uterine tubes at every stage of the perinatal period found certain peculiarities and regularities of their development.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Characteristics of the uterine tubes in the fetal period: topographic and morphometric parallels

Проняєв

Bulyk

2019

Rep. of Morph.

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“…The gubernaculum testis is an intermediate mesoderm derivative that develops as a specialized fibromuscular ligament and orchestrates descent of the testis during mid to late gestation in mammals [1]. The fetal rodent gubernacular bulb contains an inner mesenchymal component that increases markedly in size during development and two peripheral layers of cremaster muscle [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of the Dihydrotestosterone-Exposed Fetal Rat Gubernaculum Identifies Common Androgen and Insulin-Like 3 Targets1

Barthold

Wang

Robbins

et al. 2013

Biology of Reproduction

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Androgens and insulin-like 3 (INSL3) are required for development of the fetal gubernaculum and testicular descent. Previous studies suggested that the INSL3-exposed fetal gubernacular transcriptome is enriched for genes involved in neural pathways. In the present study, we profiled the transcriptome of fetal gubernaculum explants exposed to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and compared this response to that with INSL3. We exposed fetal (Embryonic Day 17) rat gubernacula to DHT for 24 h (10 and 30 nM) or 6 h (1 and 10 nM) in organ culture and analyzed gene expression relative to that of vehicle-treated controls using Affymetrix arrays. Results were annotated using functional, pathway, and promoter analyses and independently validated for selected transcripts using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcripts were differentially expressed after 24 h but not 6 h. Most highly overrepresented functional categories included those related to gene expression, skeletal and muscular development and function, and Wnt signaling. Promoter response elements enriched in the DHT-specific transcriptome included consensus sequences for c-ETS1, ELK1, CREB, CRE-BP1/c-June, NRF2, and USF. We observed that 55% of DHT probe sets were also differentially expressed after INSL3 exposure and that the direction of change was the same in 96%. The qRT-PCR results confirmed that DHT increased expression of the INSL3-responsive genes Crlf1 and Chrdl2 but reduced expression of Wnt4. We also validated reduced Tgfb2 and Cxcl12 and increased Slit3 expression following DHT exposure. These data suggest a robust overlap in the DHT- and INSL3-regulated transcriptome that may be mediated in part by CREB signaling and a common Wnt pathway response for both hormones in the fetal gubernaculum.

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“…The infra vaginal gubernaculum that corresponds to the caudal portion of the gubernaculum which has not been invaded by the vaginal process. [10][11].Both the gubernaculum and vaginal process change in harmony during testicular migration. The maintenance of this undifferentiated mesenchyme along the inguinal canal and scrotum is essential for the downward extension of the vaginal process to occur, during which it follows the pathway, created by the dilatation of the gubernaculum, forming the canal, through which the testis will reach to the scrotum.…”

Section: The Development Of Gubernaculummentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular descend, how and why: a review Article

Agrawal¹

2017

Int J Med Rev Case Rep

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Background:The testis develops in the dorsal abdominal wall, and then descends to the scrotum. The development begins as early as the 6th week of intrauterine life and is completed by the fifth month of intrauterine life. The testis may get arrested during its descent from dorsal abdominal wall to the scrotum. The anomalies of descent include cryptorchism (and its variant like anarchism, monarchism or partially descended testis), ectopic testis, persistent processus vaginalis and encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord, and others. Cryptorchism is usually diagnosed during the newly born examination. The recognition of this condition, identification of associated syndromes, proper diagnostic evaluation and timely treatment by a surgical urologist is important to prevent adverse consequences like sterility, congenital hernia & hydrocoele, testicular carcinoma, and others. Objectives: The objective of this review is to study the role of gubernaculum in the testicular migration process. Material & Method: We performed a descriptive review of the literature about the role of the gubernaculum in testicular migration during the human fetal life. This article provides an overview of the role of gubernaculum and other factors responsible for gonadal migration. Results: In the first phase of testicular movement the gubernaculum enlarges to hold the testis near the groin and in the second phase the gubernaculum migrates across the pubic region to reach the scrotum. The proximal end of gubernaculum is attached to the testis and epididymis. The lower end reaches to the bottom of the scrotum. A failure in the proper functioning of gubernaculum causes cryptorchism. Rarely male gonads may deviate from primary pathway due to the presence of many tails of distal gubernaculum, and it may give rise to the ectopic testis. The processus vaginalis usually closes by birth. If it remains patent, it leads to a congenital hernia, hydrocele and encysted hydrocele. Conclusion: the gubernaculum presents a significant structure during testicular migration, and its failed mechanism gives rise to different pathological conditions.

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The development of the caudal ligaments of the mesonephros and of the gonads: a contribution to the development of the human gubernaculum (Hunteri)

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Characteristics of the uterine tubes in the fetal period: topographic and morphometric parallels

Characteristics of the uterine tubes in the fetal period: topographic and morphometric parallels

Transcriptome Analysis of the Dihydrotestosterone-Exposed Fetal Rat Gubernaculum Identifies Common Androgen and Insulin-Like 3 Targets1

Testicular descend, how and why: a review Article

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