The development of the arm in man

Lewis, W. Arthur

doi:10.1002/aja.1000010204

Cited by 146 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Previous descriptions on the fetal development of the TM and LD was very limited and they suggested a common anlage of them (e.g., Lewis, 1902). There is a well-known example in which a single muscle anlage divides into 2 muscles, i.e., the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle, but this splitting occurs at 5 weeks (Keibel and Mall, 1910;Mekonen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 41%

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Teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles in human embryos: A reconsideration of the so-called brother muscles

Sakanaka

Yamamoto

Ishibashi

et al. 2017

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary:The teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles (TM, LD) are considered to be the so-called brother muscles. Actually, being similar to the TM, an uppermost part of the LD usually arises from the scapular plate. In embryos of 11 mm CRL, anlagen of the TM and LD appeared to be fused to provide a single mass at an angle between the axillary and radial nerves. However, splitting had already finished in not only the TM and LD but also the other muscles at and around the shoulder in specimens of 14 mm CRL. Thus, muscle splitting at the region appeared to occur simultaneously at a short stage of 12-13 mm CRL.The TM and LD carried a common tendon still at 6 weeks (14-16 mm CRL), but their muscle bellies were separated clearly. A concept of brother muscles might be applied to the TM and LD according to a bias from the gross and comparative anatomy, not from the embryological view.Shin-ichi Abe and Koichiro Sakanaka contributed equally to this work.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 41%

“…This is almost consistent with Lewis (1902). Therefore, a common anlagen of the TM and LD was not more evident than the other common anlagen such as flexor muscle anlagen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles in human embryos: A reconsideration of the so-called brother muscles

Sakanaka

Yamamoto

Ishibashi

et al. 2017

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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“…During the buds' development, the spinal nerves' axons follow the muscular growth, with the ventral rami of the C4-8 and T1 presenting near the end of the 4 th week [11]. Shinohara et al [19] report that the mentioned rami form the BP on the 33 rd day of intrauterine life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Bilateral anatomic variation in the relation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus to the anterior scalene muscle

et al. 2015

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The brachial plexus represents a field of many anatomical variations with important clinical implications, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). The case described in this paper presented a novel bilateral variation in the relation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus to the anterior scalene muscle. The ventral rami of the C5 and C6 spinal nerves perforated the anterior scalene muscle simultaneously through a common opening, and joined to form the upper trunk. Previous literature reports described variations of the brachial plexus and the scalene muscles, as well as the embryological basis for their presence. The case reported herein helps to improve the comprehension of the TOS, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutical approach to this syndrome. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 195-198)

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“…According to the embryological studies (Lewis, 1902;Grdfenberg, 1906;Iwata, 1955), the brachial plexus appears as a single radicular cone in the superior limb bud. This cone divides longitudinally into ventral and dorsal segments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Some Aspects of the Communicating Branch between the Musculocutaneous and Median Nerves in Man

Iwamoto¹,

Kimura²,

Takahashi³

et al. 1990

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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The development of the arm in man

Cited by 146 publications

References 0 publications

Teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles in human embryos: A reconsideration of the so-called brother muscles

Teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles in human embryos: A reconsideration of the so-called brother muscles

Bilateral anatomic variation in the relation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus to the anterior scalene muscle

Some Aspects of the Communicating Branch between the Musculocutaneous and Median Nerves in Man

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