The development of stationary battery storage systems in Germany – A market review

Figgener, Jan; Stenzel, Peter; Kairies, Kai-Philipp; Linßen, Jochen; Haberschusz, David; Wessels, Oliver; Angenendt, Georg; Robinius, Martin; Stolten, Detlef; Sauer, Dirk Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.est.2019.101153

Cited by 178 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although lead-acid batteries dominated the market for both grid-connected and off-grid PV systems until approximately 2018, LIBs have prevailed in the market for gridconnected systems from 2016 onwards [44], [45] and are also used in off-grid systems. Existing energy storage systems were presented in [20], [37], and a comparison made between the various battery chemistries available in the market, as well as an analysis of their performances, was included in [46], [47].…”

Section: Use Of Lithium-ion Batteries In Pvwpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Water Pumping: Comparison Between Direct and Lithium Battery Solutions

et al. 2021

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This work presents the conversion of a photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) to its corresponding battery-based solution, while maintaining the components of the PVWPS facility and adding the power converter needed to manage the operation of a lithium-ion battery. A complete analysis of the direct PVWPS is performed based on the values obtained by the monitoring system developed for the installation. The efficiencies and performance ratios of the various elements of the facility are calculated, as well as other relevant factors (such as irradiance thresholds). The dependence of some variables on the solar resource is analyzed to model the system. A similar study is carried out in the battery-based solution and a comparative analysis of the two modes of operation is then performed to find which aspects could be improved in the battery-based solution to increase the pumping time and total daily pumped volume. The results presented demonstrate the benefits of including a battery (reduction in start/stop cycles and improved performance on cloudy days). Aspects that can be improved to make the battery-based solution more efficient and achieve better results are suggested.INDEX TERMS Photovoltaic water pumping systems, lithium batteries, battery-based pumping, water pumping, stand-alone photovoltaic system, sustainable development goals.

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Section: Use Of Lithium-ion Batteries In Pvwpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Water Pumping: Comparison Between Direct and Lithium Battery Solutions

et al. 2021

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“…Due to their impressive energy density, power density, lifetime, and cost, lithium-ion batteries have become the most important electrochemical storage system, with applications including consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage 1 . However, each application has unique, often conflicting product specifications, requiring a balanced overall assessment.…”

Section: B) C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

ENPOLITE: Comparing Lithium-Ion Cells across Energy, Power, Lifetime, and Temperature

et al. 2021

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Lithium-Ion battery lifetimes from cyclic and calendar aging tests of more than 1000 cells were compared employing novel plots termed ENPOLITE (energy-power-lifetime-temperature). Battery cell data from in-house measurements and published data were combined into a uniform database; the total dataset size exceeds 1000 GB. At a glance, ENPOLITE plots inform about the nominal capacity, cell format, cell chemistry, average aging test duration, measurement temperature, specific power employed for testing, energy density, and the achieved lifetime for every cell. A battery lifetime coefficient was derived, allowing the comparison of lithium-ion batteries with different weights or volumes, capacities, and cell chemistries. The combination of multiple parameters in ENPOLITE facilitated a thorough comparison of various batteries' respective lifetimes. In addition to the cell-specific parameters during cycling, the specific stored energy and the storage temperature were depicted in a calendar ENPOLITE-Plot.

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“…Photovoltaic (PV) battery systems for residential power supply, also referred to as home‐storage systems, have shown a significant growth over the past years, connected with a strong decrease in prices. [ 1,2 ] These batteries have typical energy capacities of 5–15 kWh. Adding a battery to a PV system allows to increase self‐sufficiency of the household and self‐consumption of the solar energy, therefore contributes to energy independence and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and Structural Characterization of Large‐Format Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells Used in Home‐Storage Systems

et al. 2021

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This article presents a comparative experimental study of the electrical, structural, and chemical properties of large‐format, 180 Ah prismatic lithium iron phosphate (LFP)/graphite lithium‐ion battery cells from two different manufacturers. These cells are particularly used in the field of stationary energy storage such as home‐storage systems. The investigations include 1) cell‐to‐cell performance assessment, for which a total of 28 cells are tested from each manufacturer; 2) electrical charge/discharge characteristics at different currents and ambient temperatures; 3) internal cell geometries, components, and weight analysis after cell opening; 4) microstructural analysis of the electrodes via light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; 5) chemical analysis of the electrode materials using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy; and 6) mathematical analysis of the electrode balances. The combined results give a detailed and comparative insight into the cell characteristics, providing the essential information needed for system integration. The study also provides complete and self‐consistent parameter sets for the use in cell models needed for performance prediction or state diagnosis.

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The development of stationary battery storage systems in Germany – A market review

Cited by 178 publications

References 21 publications

Photovoltaic Water Pumping: Comparison Between Direct and Lithium Battery Solutions

Photovoltaic Water Pumping: Comparison Between Direct and Lithium Battery Solutions

ENPOLITE: Comparing Lithium-Ion Cells across Energy, Power, Lifetime, and Temperature

Electrical and Structural Characterization of Large‐Format Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells Used in Home‐Storage Systems

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