The development of positive psychology outcome measures and their uses in dementia research: A systematic review

Stoner, Charlotte R; Stansfeld, Jacki; Orrell, Martin; Spector, Aimee

doi:10.1177/1471301217740288

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…2). It builds on a previous systematic review of positive psychology measures (which included quality ratings of instruments), where only 12 instruments used in 17 studies were located [26]. By combining the sucessful/positive aging gerontological literature, we identified several additional instruments (Table 2) that have been used with people with dementia and have potential for instrument development and future research (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fourth overarching conceptual domain of life satisfaction (or 'Life Valuation' [26]) emerged as a broader underpinning construct, reflecting overall well-being (Fig. 2), and referring to a general sense of 'feeling well' or 'valuing life' ( Table 2).…”

Section: Life Satisfaction (Valuing Life)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors called for further research into asset-based self-report measures. Stoner and colleagues [26] subsequently identified 12 instruments that have been used in research to measure positive psychology constructs in people with dementia. These instruments covered constructs such as identity, hope, optimism, religiosity/spirituality, life valuation, self-efficacy, sense of community and psychological well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the well-being of people with dementia: a conceptual scoping review

Clarke

Woods

Moniz-Cook

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background: Enabling people with dementia to 'live well' is a policy and research priority in many countries. However, instruments for measuring outcomes of psychosocial interventions designed to promote well-being in dementia are often derived from a symptom-focused, loss/deficit approach, or from broad quality of life concepts. A pan-European dementia working group called for research on the development of an alternative asset/strengths-based conceptual framework of well-being in dementia. This paper takes forward this recommendation by developing such a framework and using this to map relevant self-report outcome measures. Methods: Three scoping reviews of published studies were conducted iteratively. First, we examined the literature on lived experiences of well-being and quality of life in people with dementia and then the wider dementia literature for application of well-being constructs. The synthesised findings generated conceptual domains of well-being in people with dementia. Corresponding self-report instruments used in dementia research were scoped, categorised within the conceptual framework and their potential value in measuring outcomes for people with dementia was examined. Findings: Six conceptual domains for the measurement of well-being and 35 self-report instruments that have been used with people with dementia were identified. Six instruments were developed specifically for people with dementia, five were derived from the gerontological literature and 24 from the well-being literature. Fifteen instruments and one sub-scale have been examined for psychometric properties amongst people with dementia. To date, 20 have been used as outcome measures, with seven measuring change over time. A number of identified instruments utilise traditional retrospective Likert-scaling response formats, limiting their potential for use with some groups of people with dementia. Conclusion: An assets/strengths-based framework is presented, outlining structural domains for selecting self-report measures of well-being in people with dementia. It provides a foundation for enhancing research into processes and outcomes of psychosocial interventions, including instrument development, more precise matching of intervention aims with outcome measurement, and newer technology-based 'in-the-moment' measurement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Life Satisfaction (Valuing Life)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the well-being of people with dementia: a conceptual scoping review

Clarke

Woods

Moniz-Cook

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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“…Traditionally, research has examined QoL in terms of objective life circumstances or as a sum of ratings in different aspects of life (e.g., Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease [QOL-AD] assessment tool) based on either self or proxy reports (see Stoner, Stansfeld, Orrell, & Spector, 2017). According to a recent meta-analysis, either no or only small associations were found with factors related to QoL (see Martyr et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitively Intact and Happy Life Expectancy in the United States

Bardo

Lynch

2019

The Journals of Gerontology: Series B

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Objectives We examined the number of years to be lived with and without cognitive impairment and with high self-assessed quality of life (i.e., happiness) among a nationally representative sample of Americans aged 65 years and older. Two key questions are addressed: Can people have a high quality of life despite being cognitively impaired? Which is longer: happy life expectancy or cognitively intact life expectancy? Method Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2014) were used to estimate transition probabilities into and out of cognitively intact/impaired-un/happy states, as well as to death. Recently extended Bayesian multistate life table methods were used to estimate age-specific cognitively intact and happy life expectancy net of sex, race/ethnicity, education, and birth cohort. Results Happiness and cognitive impairment were shown to coexist in both the gross cross-tabulated data and in the life tables. Happy life expectancy is approximately 25% longer than cognitively intact life expectancy at age 65 years, and by age 85, happy life expectancy is roughly double cognitively intact life expectancy, on average. Discussion Lack of cognitive impairment is not a necessary condition for happiness. In other words, people can have a high quality of life despite being cognitively impaired.

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“…The positive psychology search terms were influenced by Seligman's definition of positive psychology emphasizing strengths, virtues, and positive emotions enabling people to thrive (Seligman et al, 2005). It was also influenced by related literature reviews (Stansfeld et al, 2017;Stoner et al, 2017). The heading "intervention" was chosen with the intent to locate interventional research using outcome measures.…”

Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A psychometric appraisal of positive psychology outcome measures in use with carers of people living with dementia: a systematic review

Pione

Spector

Cartwright

et al. 2020

Int. Psychogeriatr.

Self Cite

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Objectives: This review aimed (i) to identify all positive psychology measures in use with family carers and (ii) to determine their psychometric properties. Design: Literature searches were made in Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science. The identified measures were then subjected to analysis via an established quality appraisal tool. Results: Twenty-five instruments representing the positive psychology constructs of resilience, self-efficacy, and positive aspects to caregiving were found. Two reviewers independently evaluated the measures using the quality appraisal tool. The Gain in Alzheimer Care Instrument, the Resilience Scale, and the Caregiver Efficacy Scale were found to be the highest scoring measures within their respective constructs. Conclusions: Although some robust instruments were identified, there were numerous examples of important psychometric properties not being evidenced in development papers. Future researchers and clinicians should administer evidence-based outcome measures with adequate psychometric properties representing positive and negative constructs to obtain a comprehensive picture of a person’s well-being.

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The development of positive psychology outcome measures and their uses in dementia research: A systematic review

Cited by 22 publications

References 51 publications

Measuring the well-being of people with dementia: a conceptual scoping review

Measuring the well-being of people with dementia: a conceptual scoping review

Cognitively Intact and Happy Life Expectancy in the United States

A psychometric appraisal of positive psychology outcome measures in use with carers of people living with dementia: a systematic review

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