“…Based on the agency theory, individuals or groups involved in value maximization intersect with interests that bring about organizational conflicts (Kast & Rosenzweigh, 2002). Kim & Lee (2003) classifies the three types of agency problems, namely, conflict of interests between shareholders and managers (agency costs of equity) (Jensen, 1976), conflict of interests between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders (La Porta et al, 2000), and conflict of interests between shareholders and bondholders (agency costs of debt) (Jermsittiparsert & Sriyakul, 2014;Jensen and Meckling, 1976;Nejad, et.al 2017). Eisenhardt (1989) states that the agency theory uses three assumptions of human nature: (1) human beings are generally self-interested, (2) human beings have limited thinking about bounded rationality, and (3) humans always avoid risk (risk averse).…”