The Development of Naringin for Use against Bone and Cartilage Disorders

Abstract

Bone and cartilage disorders are the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. There is no absolute cure for all bone and cartilage disorders. The exploration of natural compounds for the potential therapeutic use against bone and cartilage disorders is proving promising. Among these natural chemicals, naringin, a flavanone glycoside, is a potential candidate due to its multifaceted pharmacological activities in bone and cartilage tissues. Emerging studies indicate that naringin may promote osteogenic differentiation, inhibit osteoclast formation, and exhibit protective effects against osteoporosis in vivo and in vitro. Many signaling pathways, such as BMP-2, Wnt/β-catenin, and VEGF/VEGFR, participate in the biological actions of naringin in mediating the pathological development of osteoporosis. In addition, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis abilities of naringin also demonstrate its beneficial effects against bone and cartilage disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone and cartilage tumors, and tibial dyschondroplasia. Naringin exhibits protective effects against bone and cartilage disorders. However, more efforts are still needed due to, at least in part, the uncertainty of drug targets. Further biological and pharmacological evaluations of naringin and its applications in bone tissue engineering, particularly its therapeutic effects against osteoporosis, might result in developing potential drug candidates.

Antiviral activity of chrysin and naringenin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection

“…Chrysin is the main active ingredient extracted from the purple wisteria plant and the Chinese red pine, both belonging to the family of Fabaceae , while naringenin is a secondary metabolite of citrus plants of Rutaceae ( 37 ). Both compounds have been confirmed to possess various biological activities, such as antioxidant ( 38 ), anti-inflammatory ( 39 ), anti-cancer ( 40 ), anti-asthmatic, anti-bacterial ( 41 ), and anti-arthritis effects ( 42 ), and they can enhance the host innate immune response ( 43 ). In recent years, domestic and foreign studies have found that chrysin and naringenin have good inhibitory effects on DNA and RNA viruses, including enterovirus 71, hepatitis virus, influenza virus, and dengue virus, providing theoretical references for the development of new antiviral drugs.…”

Direct osteogenesis and immunomodulation dual function via sustained release of naringin from the polymer scaffold

“…Although NG was extensively developed as an anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis drug in previous studies, there are fewer reports on its osteo-immunomodulation properties. [59][60][61] In this study, the influence of the NG released from NG-MBG/PLLA scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation, inflammation reaction, and immune regulation of mBMSCs, RAW264.7, and macrophage-conditioned cultured mBMSCs was fully investigated. Moreover, the slow release of NG can be achieved by loading NG on MBG, which also avoids the cytotoxicity caused by excessive drug concentration.…”

Natural biomass-derived carbon dots as a potent solubilizer with high biocompatibility and enhanced antioxidant activity

“…Naringin (NA), a ubiquitous therapeutic employed in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, is comprised of 4′,5,7-hydroxyflavone (saccharide ligand) and rhamnose-β-1,2-glucose and is one of the most abundant bioflavonoids in citrus fruits (Ghanbari-Movahed et al, 2021;Jiang et al, 2023). Regarded as a critical therapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of physiological effects, NA not only exhibits potent bioactivities in anti-inflammatory (Bharti et al, 2014), antiosteoporosis (Gan et al, 2023b), and anticancer modalities (Farhan, 2022), but also amplifies the absorption of other therapeutics (Choi and Shin, 2005). As a common compound in BCS II, NA possesses poor water solubility, which is measured at 81.1 μM (4.71 × 10 −2 g/L) at 25 °C in the pH range of 1-7.6.…”