This chapter reports on Phase 1 of the IMAGINE project, in which 216 young children, supported by their parents and early years practitioners, participated in a ten-week music program that was run in Children’s Centres across England. The program was evaluated using the Sounds of Intent in the Early Years framework of musical development. The main findings were, first, that the musical development of young children growing up in areas of high social deprivation may well be significantly delayed. However, this delay can be ameliorated with targeted musical activities that last at least four months. Second, schemes that help families and practitioners to engage through music with young children who experience social deprivation, including those with complex needs, can improve children’s capacity to listen and attend, and can have a positive impact on their self-confidence and self-awareness and their capacity to make relationships and to manage their feelings and behavior.