The development of multisensory body representation and awareness continues to 10years of age: Evidence from the rubber hand illusion

Cowie, Dorothy; Sterling, Samantha; Bremner, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2015.10.003

Cited by 56 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Likewise, infants in the first year of life are able to detect temporal congruencies between visual and proprioceptive information (Bahrick & Watson, ; Rochat, ; Schmuckler, ). Work on the RHI (Cascio, Foss‐Feig, Burnette, Heacock, & Cosby, ; Cowie, Makin, & Bremner, ; Cowie, Sterling, & Bremner, ) has shown that manipulation of visual‐tactile cues can also generate bodily illusions in children. Cowie et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of bodily self‐consciousness: changing responses to the Full Body Illusion in childhood

Cowie

McKenna

Bremner

et al. 2017

Developmental Science

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The present work investigates the development of bodily self‐consciousness and its relation to multisensory bodily information, by measuring for the first time the development of responses to the full body illusion in childhood. We tested three age groups of children: 6‐ to 7‐year‐olds (n = 28); 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds (n = 21); 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds (n = 19), and a group of adults (n = 31). Each participant wore a head‐mounted display (HMD) which displayed a view from a video camera positioned 2 metres behind their own back. Thus, they could view a virtual body from behind. We manipulated visuo‐tactile synchrony by showing the participants a view of their virtual back being stroked with a stick at the same time and same place as their real back (synchronous condition), or at different times and places (asynchronous condition). After each period of stroking, we measured three aspects of bodily self‐consciousness: drift in perceived self‐location, self‐identification with the virtual body, and touch referral to the virtual body. Results show that self‐identification with the virtual body was significantly stronger in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition even in the youngest group tested; however, the size of this effect increased with age. Touch referral to the virtual body was greater in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition only for 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds and adults. Drift in perceived self‐location was greater in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition only for adults. Thus, the youngest age tested can self‐identify with a virtual body, but the links between multisensory signals and bodily self‐consciousness develop significantly across childhood. This suggests a long period of development of the bodily self and exciting potential for the use of virtual reality technologies with children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of bodily self‐consciousness: changing responses to the Full Body Illusion in childhood

Cowie

McKenna

Bremner

et al. 2017

Developmental Science

Self Cite

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“…The marginal difference between the WS group and the YC control group that was observed could be seen as a developmental delay of the internal body representation in WS individuals. The existence of a long developmental trajectory in own-body representation was reported in recent studies (Cowie et al 2013;Cowie et al 2016) showing that the ability to localise parts of one's own body (e.g. hand) continues to develop up to at least 10 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Where is the ‘subjective straight ahead’ in Williams syndrome?

Saj̈

Heiz

Barisnikov

2017

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…If visuo-proprioceptive and visuo-tactile binding are less tightly constrained in younger children, as the results suggest, this would increase the likelihood that inputs from separate events are mistakenly integrated together, which could explain Cowie et al's (2013Cowie et al's ( , 2016 findings. These studies showed that while proprioceptive drift in the RHI is seen in four-to 13-year-olds and adults following synchronous brushing, four-to nine-year-olds also show proprioceptive drift after asynchronous brushing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The current study also suggests that the age differences seen in Cowie et al (2013) were not due to differences in susceptibility to the illusion since an effect of age was also seen in the current experiments, which did not require participants to overcome physical differences between a real and a fake hand. A future study could conduct the tasks used in the current study alongside the traditional RHI to assess if one of these abilities is predominantly underlying the development differences found by Cowie et al (2013Cowie et al ( , 2016 or if they contribute equally to performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of sensory integration underpinning body ownership was assessed by Cowie et al (2013Cowie et al ( , 2016 across a wider age range of children. Both studies employed the rubber hand illusion (RHI; Botvinick and Cohen, 1998), in which brushstrokes are applied to a proprioceptively incongruent fake hand and the participant's unseen hand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Changes in Sensitivity to Spatial and Temporal Properties of Sensory Integration Underlying Body Representation

et al. 2017

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The closer in time and space that two or more stimuli are presented, the more likely it is that they will be integrated together. A recent study by Hillock-Dunn and Wallace (2012) reported that the size of the visuo-auditory temporal binding window — the interval within which visual and auditory inputs are highly likely to be integrated — narrows over childhood. However, few studies have investigated how sensitivity to temporal and spatial properties of multisensory integration underlying body representation develops in children. This is not only important for sensory processes but has also been argued to underpin social processes such as empathy and imitation (Schütz-Bosbach et al., 2006). We tested 4 to 11 year-olds’ ability to detect a spatial discrepancy between visual and proprioceptive inputs (Experiment One) and a temporal discrepancy between visual and tactile inputs (Experiment Two) for hand representation. The likelihood that children integrated spatially separated visuo-proprioceptive information, and temporally asynchronous visuo-tactile information, decreased significantly with age. This suggests that spatial and temporal rules governing the occurrence of multisensory integration underlying body representation are refined with age in typical development.

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The development of multisensory body representation and awareness continues to 10years of age: Evidence from the rubber hand illusion

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

The development of bodily self‐consciousness: changing responses to the Full Body Illusion in childhood

The development of bodily self‐consciousness: changing responses to the Full Body Illusion in childhood

Where is the ‘subjective straight ahead’ in Williams syndrome?

Developmental Changes in Sensitivity to Spatial and Temporal Properties of Sensory Integration Underlying Body Representation

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