The development of immunoglobulinlevels in man

Allansmith, Mathea R.; McClellan, Barbara H.; Butterworth, Michael; Maloney, Judy

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(68)80324-5

Cited by 246 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The distribution of gamma G globulin concentrations in the compatible babies compared well with values of normal children reported by Allensmith et al [2] using the same method (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Gm Factor Fetomaternal Gamma Globulin Incompatibility

1971

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ExtractSera of 1763 normal pregnant women were screened for antibodies against Gm (a), Gm (b), and Gm (f) factors. Twenty-eight patients (1.59%) possessed specific Gm agglutinators. Incidence of fetal death, synthesis of the incompatible genetic gamma globulin factor, and levels of gamma globulin were determined. Four infants with Gm factor fetomaternal incompatibilities whose mothers possessed isoantibodies were studied over a period of from 8 to 24 months. Serial quantitative gamma globulin determinations from the affected infants produced results which compared favorably with seven control infants and normal values cited in the literature. There appeared to be no impairment of synthesis of the specific incompatible genetic gamma globulin, expressed as a titer of hemagglutination inhibition. The development of specific genetic gamma globulin factors throughout infancy is delineated. In the patients studied, no adverse effects resulted from fetomaternal gamma globulin incompatibility. Speculation

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“…The distribution of gamma G globulin concentrations in the compatible babies compared well with values of normal children reported by Allensmith et al [2] using the same method (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Scattergram of gamma G globulin levels throughout infancy in four babies with fetomaternal Gm incompatibility and maternal sensitization. Background represents geometric mean (dashed line) ±2 SD in normal children, modified from Allensmith et al [2]. Each of the four symbols represents one patient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gm Factor Fetomaternal Gamma Globulin Incompatibility

1971

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“…Berg (17) found that the majority of infants still had no demonstrable IgA by 3 wk of age. Even full term infants have been reported to have serum IgA concentrations less than 2 mg/dl at birth (3,6,20). However, these studies used techniques which are not as sensitive as the ELISA method used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Ballow¹,

Cates²,

Rowe

et al. 1986

Pediatr Res

256

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ABSTRACT. Plasma immunoglobulin concentrations of premature infants of birth weight less than 1500 g were measured longitudinally from birth to 10 months chronological age. Infants were divided into two groups based on gestational age (group I: 25-28 wk; group 11: 29-32 wk). In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgG levels correlated with gestational age ( r = 0.5, p < 0.001). At 3 months chronological age, the geometric mean plasma IgG levels were 60 mg/dl in group I and 104 mg/dl in group I1 infants. Most infants remained hypogammaglobulinemic at 6 months with seven of 11 infants in group I and 13 of 21 infants in group I1 having plasma IgG levels below 200 mgldl. In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgM concentrations were 7.6 and 9.1 mgldl in groups I and 11, respectively. They rose to 41.8 and 34.7 by 8 to 10 months of life. Plasma IgA concentrations were comparable for groups I and I1 in the 1st wk of life (1.2 and 0.6 mg/dl, respectively), but at 1 month of age group I infants had a transient increase in IgA which was not seen in the group I1 infants (4.5 versus 1.9 mgldl, respectively, p < 0.02). This transient elevation in IgA did not correlate with type or route of feeding or amounts of transfused blood. Group I and group I1 infants had comparable rates of infections prior to discharge from the nursery ( p = 0.27). After discharge, the 43 preterm infants followed until 10 months chronological age had a significantly higher incidence of infections than 41 term infants ( p = 0.04). In addition, the preterm infants had more lower respiratory infections after discharge than term infants (14 versus 2, p = 0.003), and were rehospitalized more often for infection (8 versus 0, p = 0.01). Despite severe prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia, none of the preterm infants had bacteremic illness after discharge from the nursery. This study provides normal age-group immunoglobulin values for the first 10 months of life in very small premature infants. The lack of invasive bacterial infections in this small group of preterm infants after discharge from the nursery suggests that further studies will be necessary to determine whether the hypogammaglobulinemia places these very low birth weight infants at risk for serious infection. (Pediatr Res 20:899-904, 1986) Abbreviations VLBW, very low birth weight NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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“…2 Meanwhile, IgG gets involved in chronic inflammatory processes contributed to the destruction of healthy tissues in autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. 3 Serum IgG level varies considerably from one person to another, 4 but little when testing the same person repeatedly. 5 This variation in the serum IgG concentration reflects the balance among the rates of synthesis and catabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at TNFRSF13B associated with IgG level in a healthy Chinese male population

Liao

Zhang

et al. 2012

Genes Immun

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IgG has a crucial role in humoral immune response. Serum IgG level is mainly determined under genetic control. To explore the genetic influence on serum IgG levels, a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in a healthy Chinese population of 3495 men, including 1999 unrelated subjects in the first stage and 1496 independent individuals in the second stage. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in TNFRSF13B on 17p11.2 or nearby were significantly associated with IgG level: rs4792800 in the intron (combined P-value ¼ 1.45 Â 10 À 12 ), rs12603708 in the intron (combined P-value ¼ 1.82 Â 10 À 8 ) and rs3751987 at B65 kb downstream of the 5 0 -UTR region of TNFRSF13B (combined P-value ¼ 3.67 Â 10 À 9 ). Additionally, smoking was identified to be associated with IgG level in both stages (Po0.001), but there was no significant interaction between smoking and the identified SNPs (P40.05). The strong association between variants at TNFRSF13B and IgG level may be helpful to further explore the biological mechanism by which the serum IgG is affected by transmembrane activator, calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor encoded by TNFRSF13B.Genes and Immunity (2012) 13, 509-513; doi:10.1038/gene.2012.26; published online 7 June 2012Keywords: IgG; genome-wide association studies; TNFRSF13B; TACI; smoking INTRODUCTION IgG, constituting some 80% of total serum immunoglobulin, is the most abundant class of antibodies (Ab) in serum and extracellular fluid. It has an important role in the defense against various pathogens, toxins and even cancers. 1 As the only isotype that can pass through the human placenta, IgG is able to protect the fetus in utero. 2 Meanwhile, IgG gets involved in chronic inflammatory processes contributed to the destruction of healthy tissues in autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. 3 Serum IgG level varies considerably from one person to another, 4 but little when testing the same person repeatedly. 5 This variation in the serum IgG concentration reflects the balance among the rates of synthesis and catabolism. 6 Multitudinous environmental factors including infections, smoking and chemical compounds can contribute to this variation. 7-9 Reports of pedigree studies or twin studies 10,11 have shown that genetic factors are more important than environmental exposures in determining serum immunoglobulin level in human. 12,13 The values of genetic heritability was h 2 ¼ 0.617 þ 0.020 for IgG. 6 Besides, several studies in a population of common variable immunodeficiency patients or IgA deficiency patients implied that there might be an association between some gene loci and serum IgG level. 14,15 However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has ever been conducted to identify the immune loci directly involved in the regulation of the IgG level.Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful and unbiased tool for the identification of common genetic variants associated with complex traits. 16 This hypothesis-free approach base...

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The development of immunoglobulinlevels in man

Cited by 246 publications

References 25 publications

Gm Factor Fetomaternal Gamma Globulin Incompatibility

Gm Factor Fetomaternal Gamma Globulin Incompatibility

Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at TNFRSF13B associated with IgG level in a healthy Chinese male population

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