The development of health services for mothers and children in the United States.

Schmidt, William M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.63.5.419

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…13 See Albanesi (2012) for an international account of the decline of maternal mortality in the twentieth century. 14 For a detailed account of the establishment of the Children's Bureau, see Schmidt (1973), Parker and Carpenter (1981), and Skopcol (1992). Further information can be found at http://www.ssa.gov/history/ childb1.html.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal health and the baby boom

Albanesi

Olivetti

2014

Quantitative Economics

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Fertility in the United States rose from a low of 2.27 children for women born in 1908 to a peak of 3.21 children for women born in 1932. It dropped to a new low of 1.74 children for women born in 1949, before stabilizing for subsequent cohorts. We propose a novel explanation for this boom–bust pattern, linking it to the huge improvements in maternal health that started in the mid‐1930s. Our hypothesis is that the improvements in maternal health contributed to the mid‐twentieth century baby boom and generated a rise in women's human capital, ultimately leading to a decline in desired fertility for subsequent cohorts. To examine this link empirically, we exploit the large cross‐state variation in the magnitude of the decline in pregnancy‐related mortality and the differential exposure by cohort. We find that the decline in maternal mortality is associated with a rise in fertility for women born between 1921 and 1940, with a rise in college and high school graduation rates for women born in 1933–1950 relative to previous cohorts, and with a decline in fertility for women born in 1941–1950 relative to those born in 1921–1940. The analysis provides new insights on the determinants of fertility in the United States and other countries that experienced similar improvements in maternal health.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the apportionment of funds was based on the states' financial needs, as well as on the number of live births, poorer states received more transfers. This system may have contributed to a convergence in maternal health outcomes across states (Schmidt (1973)).…”

Section: A3 State-level Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal health and the baby boom

Albanesi

Olivetti

2014

Quantitative Economics

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“…13 See Albanesi (2012) for an international account of the decline of maternal mortality in the twentieth century. 14 For a detailed account of the establishment of the Children's Bureau, see Schmidt (1973), Parker andCarpenter (1981), andSkopcol (1992). Further information can be found at http://www.ssa.gov/history/ childb1.html.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Federal Programs For the Promotion Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Health and the Baby Boom

Albanesi

Olivetti

2010

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. We propose a novel explanation for this boom-bust pattern, linking it to the huge improvements in maternal health that started in the mid-1930s. Our hypothesis is that the improvements in maternal health contributed to the mid-twentieth century baby boom and generated a rise in women's human capital, ultimately leading to a decline in desired fertility for subsequent cohorts. To examine this link empirically, we exploit the large cross-state variation in the magnitude of the decline in pregnancy-related mortality and the differential exposure by cohort. We find that the decline in maternal mortality is associated with a rise in fertility for women born between 1921 and 1940, with a rise in college and high school graduation rates for women born in 1933-1950 relative to previous cohorts, and with a decline in fertility for women born in 1941-1950 relative to those born in [1921][1922][1923][1924][1925][1926][1927][1928][1929][1930][1931][1932][1933][1934][1935][1936][1937][1938][1939][1940]. The analysis provides new insights on the determinants of fertility in the United States and other countries that experienced similar improvements in maternal health. Terms of use: Documents in

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“…This plan for maternal and child health services, including those to "crippled" children, was implemented through the Social Security Act of 1935 as Title V (i.e., Part 5) of this legislation. This enabling legislation (i.e., the Social Security Act) was intentionally placed within an economic or social security framework versus a health framework (i.e., Public Health Services Act) because these measures were envisioned as protecting the home and consequently children (Schmidt & Wallace, 1988). Thus, a major role of government to address the needs of women, infants, children, and crippled children was established within states as part of a social policy that "conveyed greater respect for the dignity of individuals and families" (Zimmer-man, 1995, p. 43).…”

Section: Title V-cshcn: the First 45 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Title V-CSHCN: A Closer Look at the Shaping of the National Agenda for Children with Special Health Care Needs

Kruger

2001

Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice

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ublic health and/or maternal and child health nurses who manage or deliver services to children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in the community work within the policy context of state Title V programs. Those of us who become absorbed at state and local levels sometimes can lose sight of the broader perspective-of the forest for the trees-until something compels us to ask "What led to this change?" or "Who is behind the decisions that are being made?" or "Where are we going?" This article provides a brief historical background of Title V-CSHCN program development and other key legislation that has contributed to supporting CSHCN. It particularly focuses attention on the evolution of policy during the past 20 years to explore the dynamics that transformed and shaped a national agenda for CSHCN. An understanding of the broader policy context can allow us to reflect on (a) how we do or do not operationalize the existing policy, 321 Nursing practice and policy are inextricably linked. Nurses who provide services within state Title V programs for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are particularly cognizant of the policy context. The development of "familycentered, community-based, coordinated, and culturally competent systems of care for all children with special health care needs" is a phrase that rolls off our tongues. But how was current policy shaped? This article provides a brief historical background of the broader perspective of Title V-CSHCN programs. Kingdon's multiple streams approach to policy formation is used as a conceptual framework to explore how policy was transformed in the 1980s to shape the national agenda for CSHCN. The article also discusses the effect of internal and external forces on the refinement of that agenda during the 1990s. Relevance for nursing practice is discussed, with validation that nurses can influence future policy development and implementationin partnership with families.

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The development of health services for mothers and children in the United States.

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Maternal health and the baby boom

Maternal health and the baby boom

Maternal Health and the Baby Boom

Title V-CSHCN: A Closer Look at the Shaping of the National Agenda for Children with Special Health Care Needs

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