The Development of Green Technology Model in the Process of Making Gamelan, Klungkung Regency, Bali

Abstract

The work bent on the smelting process which is very low and with the flame still open so that the heat from combustion is wasted into the environment has the potential to pollute the environment and expose the craftsmen to cause an increase in workload, subjective disorders and a decrease in work productivity. For this reason, one short case study was conducted with a pre and pos test group design that was carried out observationally on craftsmen in the bronze smelting process for gamelan raw materials. The workload was predicted by calculating the working pulse, fatigue and complaints of skeletal muscle craftsmen recorded by questionnaire. The results of the research data were analyzed descriptively to obtain a new design of the bronze metal smelting furnace model so that the work posture was more ergonomic. The results showed that the work pulse increased to 132.42 ± 4.41 per minute or increased by 58.21 beats per minute, including in the category of "heavy" workload. The mean score of musculoskeletal disorders after work increased to 49.30 ± 4.98 and the mean score of fatigue complaints after work also increased to 50.12 ± 1.23. Work productivity decreased from 101.21 ± 5.21 at the beginning of work to be 95.42 ± 2.12 at the end of work. For that, a bronze metal smelting furnace is redesigned, namely redesigning the height of the work field to 60-65 cm from the floor so that the worker's work posture becomes natural and the top of the smelting furnace is equipped with a canopy to remove dust and heat from the workplace.Keywords : work posture, subjective disorders, and work productivity. IntroductionThe process of gamelan making in Tihingan Village consists of: the first phase; the process inside perapen (hearth furnace) and the second phase; the process outside the perapen. The processes inside perapen include smelting process (nglebur) of raw materials, and formation process (nguwad), meanwhile the processes outside the perapen are final settlement processes; i.e. the processes of shape refinement and sound alignment until the desired quality of gamelan is achieved.The working process inside the perapen is accompanied by heat exposure of open flames and the workers' non-ergonomic work posture due to the use of non-ergonomic work stations. Hot ambient temperature and dust exposure result in an increase in the workload of the craftsmen as well as an increase in subjective complaints of fatigue and skeletal muscle complaints, therefore the craftsmen's work productivity gets lower and the dust exposure causes an increase in air pollution. The open flames cause more and more burning fuel. In the processes outside the perapen, the refinement process (manggur) and the alignment process of gamelan sound are carried out in non-ergonomic work posture due to the use of work tools and work places that do not consider the crafters' anthropometry.Related to this case, workers need working procedure, posture, tools, environment, and organization that are according to their abilities and limits, so that they can work safely...