The Development of Fungal Networks in Complex Environments

Boswell, Graeme P.; Jacobs, Helen; Ritz, Karl; Gadd, Geoffrey Michael; Davidson, Fordyce A.

doi:10.1007/s11538-005-9056-6

Cited by 97 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…This particularity allows them to explore and exploit their environment while maintaining exponential growth by branching. This pattern is of great advantage to fungi as they usually live in environments displaying both nutritional and structural spatio-temporal heterogeneities [31]. Metabolically active cytoplasm usually move forward together with the expanding hyphal tips as a result of exploiting heterogeneous substrates, leaving the older parts of the mycelium as empty tubes [28,32].…”

Section: Fungi In the Geobiospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fungi in the Biomineralization of Calcite

2016

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Abstract:In the field of microbial biomineralization, much of the scientific attention is focused on processes carried out by prokaryotes, in particular bacteria, even though fungi are also known to be involved in biogeochemical cycles in numerous ways. They are traditionally recognized as key players in organic matter recycling, as nutrient suppliers via mineral weathering, as well as large producers of organic acids such as oxalic acid for instance, an activity leading to the genesis of various metal complexes such as metal-oxalate. Their implications in the transformation of various mineral and metallic compounds has been widely acknowledged during the last decade, however, currently, their contribution to the genesis of a common biomineral, calcite, needs to be more thoroughly documented. Calcite is observed in many ecosystems and plays an essential role in the biogeochemical cycles of both carbon (C) and calcium (Ca). It may be physicochemical or biogenic in origin and numerous organisms have been recognized to control or induce its biomineralization. While fungi have often been suspected of being involved in this process in terrestrial environments, only scarce information supports this hypothesis in natural settings. As a result, calcite biomineralization by microbes is still largely attributed to bacteria at present. However, in some terrestrial environments there are particular calcitic habits that have been described as being fungal in origin. In addition to this, several studies dealing with axenic cultures of fungi have demonstrated the ability of fungi to produce calcite. Examples of fungal biomineralization range from induced to organomineralization processes. More examples of calcite biomineralization related to direct fungal activity, or at least to their presence, have been described within the last decade. However, the peculiar mechanisms leading to calcite biomineralization by fungi remain incompletely understood and more research is necessary, posing new exciting questions linked to microbial biomineralization processes.

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Section: Fungi In the Geobiospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fungi in the Biomineralization of Calcite

2016

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“…Boswell et al 2007;Sullivan and Knight 2004) are widely known as efficient techniques to model processes interacting with the environment. Arvo and Kirk (1988) and Greene (1989) were the first to suggest using the cellular automata modelling approach to simulate plant growth by incorporating a control by the local environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling root plasticity and architectural ground rules in tree root growth models with voxel automata

Mulia¹,

Dupraz

Noordwijk³

2010

Plant Soil

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Dynamic models of tree root growth and function have to reconcile the architectural rules for coarse root topology with the dynamics of fine root growth (and decay) in order to predict the strategic plus opportunistic behaviour of a tree root system in a heterogeneous soil. We present an algorithm for a 3D model based on both local (soil voxel level) and global (tree level) controls of root growth, with development of structural roots as a consequence of fine root function, rather than as driver. The suggested allocation rules of carbon to fine root growth in each rooted voxel depend on the success in water uptake in this voxel during the previous day, relative to overall supply and demand at plant level. The allocated C in each voxel is then split into proliferation (within voxel growth) and extension into neighbouring voxels (colonisation), with scaledependent thresholds and transfer coefficients. The fine root colonisation process defines a dynamic and spatially explicit demand for transport functions. C allocation to development of a coarse root infrastructure linking all rooted voxels depends on the apparent need for adjustment of root diameter to meet the topologically defined sap flow through this voxel during the previous day. The allometric properties of the coarse root system are maintained to be in line with fractal branching theory. The model can predict the dynamics of the shape and structure (fine root density, coarse root topology and biomass) of the root system either independently of soil conditions (purely genetically-driven) or including both the genetic and environmental effects of roots interacting with soil water supply and its external replenishment, linking in with existing water balance models. Sensitivity of the initial model to voxel dimensions was addressed through explicit scaling rules resulting in scale-independent parameters. The model was parameterised for two tree species: hybrid walnut (Juglans nigra × regia) and wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) using results of a pot experiment. The model satisfactorily predicted the root growth behaviour of the two species. The model is sparse in parameters and yet applicable to heterogeneous soils, and could easily be upgraded to include additional local influences on root growth (and decay) such as local success in nutrient uptake or dynamic soil physical properties.

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“…Boswell and colleagues developed a model at the micrometer scale in which hyphae are explicitly represented [2]. This model was two-dimensional, and thus created only planar fungal networks (i.e.…”

Section: A Contribution Of the Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key contribution of this paper lies in calculating the exact local hyphal surface area in the model, which improves on both [2] and [4] and can be further used to increase the accuracy of fungal network models.…”

Section: A Contribution Of the Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calculating Hyphal Surface Area in Models of Fungal Networks

Bakker¹,

Poelstra

2013

BIOMATH

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BIOMATH h t t p : / / w w w. b i o m a t h f o r u m . o r g / b i o m a t h / i n d e x . p h p / b i o m a t h /Abstract-Filamentous fungi grow efficient nutrient transportation networks which are highly resilient to attacks by grazers. Understanding them may benefit the design of human-built networks, where such properties are sought after. We recently developed a mathematical model that improved previous 2-dimensional studies by representing the space in a 3-dimensional face-centered cubic lattice. While the model focused on structural aspects (hyphal orientation, branching, and fusion), these are closely tied to functional aspects, that is, the handling of nutrients. In this paper, we refine our previous model by modelling the hyphal network as a set of cylindrical tubes connecting spherical junction points, and calculating the exact local hyphal surface area. In further development of the model, this will allow the refinement and incorporation of existing nutrient consumption models-in particular, how nutrients are used for turgor maintenance at a particular network location.

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The Development of Fungal Networks in Complex Environments

Cited by 97 publications

References 76 publications

Role of Fungi in the Biomineralization of Calcite

Role of Fungi in the Biomineralization of Calcite

Reconciling root plasticity and architectural ground rules in tree root growth models with voxel automata

Calculating Hyphal Surface Area in Models of Fungal Networks

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