The development of descending projections from the brainstem to the spinal cord in the fetal sheep

Stockx, Elaine Maria; Anderson, C.R.; Murphy, Susan; Cooke, Ian R. C.; Berger, Philip J.

doi:10.1186/1471-2202-8-40

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Consistent with its role in respiratory regulation, it has been shown to project to the phrenic motor nucleus in the cervical spinal cord and to ventral horn at thoracic levels (Crutcher et al 1978;Kneisley et al 1978;Loewy and Burton 1978;Smeets and Timerick 1981;Leong et al 1984;Michaloudi et al 1988;Mtui et al 1993;Cruce et al 1999;Stockx et al 2007). The solitariospinal tract has been shown to reach lumbar and sacral segments (Carlton et al 1985;Michaloudi et al 1988;Masson et al 1991).…”

Section: The Nucleus Of Solitary Tractmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It has been reported that PCRt and IRt have spinal projecting neurons (Gross and Oppenheim 1985;Nudo and Masterton 1988;Stockx et al 2007). We found a few neurons in these two nuclei bilaterally.…”

Section: Reticular Nuclei Of the Hindbrainmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The magnocellular nuclei of the reticular formation have been shown to give rise to major projections to the spinal cord in a wide variety of vertebrate species (Crutcher et al 1978;Kneisley et al 1978;Basbaum and Fields 1979;Zemlan and Pfaff 1979;Goode et al 1980;Hayes and Rustioni 1981;Martin et al 1982;Leong et al 1984;Carlton et al 1985;Oka et al 1986;Sirkin and Feng 1987;Michaloudi et al 1988;Nudo and Masterton 1988;Shen et al 1990;Holstege 1991;Kausz 1991;Masson et al 1991;Hobbelen et al 1992;Kudo et al 1993;Wada et al 1993;Aicher et al 1995;Cruce et al 1999;de Boer-van Huizen and ten Donkelaar 1999;Carretta et al 2001;Sanchez-Camacho et al 2001a, b;Stockx et al 2007;Reed et al 2008). While nomenclatural inconsistencies abound, we consider that the magnocellular reticular nuclei should be taken to include PnO, PnC, PnV, Gi (including GiA, GiV), DPGi, and LPGi.…”

Section: Reticular Nuclei Of the Hindbrainmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The red nucleus sends a major tract to the contralateral spinal cord in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates (Kuypers et al 1962;Poirier and Bouvier 1966;Warner and Watson 1972;Miller and Strominger 1973;Castiglioni et al 1978;Crutcher et al 1978;Wild et al 1979;Smeets and Timerick 1981;Huisman et al 1982;Carlton et al 1985;Okado and Oppenheim 1985;Prasada Rao et al 1987;Nudo and Masterton 1988;Masino and Knudsen 1992;New et al 1998;Cruce et al 1999;Carretta et al 2001;Satoda et al 2002;Tsukamoto et al 2003;Chiocchetti et al 2006;VanderHorst and Ulfhake 2006;Stockx et al 2007;Warren et al 2008). As with the corticospinal projection (see above), the exception is the hedgehog, in which the ipsilateral projection is larger than the contralateral (Kunzle 1992).…”

Section: Red Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse

2010

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The cells that project from the brain to the spinal cord have previously been mapped in a wide range of mammalian species, but have not been comprehensively studied in the mouse. We have mapped these cells in the mouse using retrograde tracing after large unilateral Fluoro-Gold (FG) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in the C1 and C2 spinal cord segments. We have identified over 30 cell groups that project to the spinal cord, and have confirmed that the pattern of major projections from the cortex, diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain in the mouse is typically mammalian, and very similar to that found in the rat. However, we report two novel findings: we found labeled neurons in the precuneiform area (an area which has been associated with the midbrain locomotor center in other species), and the epirubrospinal nucleus. We also found labeled cells in the medial division of central nucleus of the amygdala in a small number of cases. Our findings should be of value to researchers engaged in evaluating the impact of spinal cord injury and other spinal cord pathologies on the centers which give rise to descending pathways.

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Section: The Nucleus Of Solitary Tractmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Reticular Nuclei Of the Hindbrainmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Reticular Nuclei Of the Hindbrainmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Red Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse

2010

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“…Simple and stereotyped movements, similar to human embryonic SB, have been reported as the first spontaneous motor activity in various animals including birds (Hamburger,1963; Hamburger and Balaban,1963; Oppenheim,1975), fish (Corner,1977; Preyer,1885), amphibians (Preyer,1885; Corner,1977), and mammals such as the mouse (Hanson and Landmesser,2003), rat (O'Donovan et al,1998), sheep (Stockx et al,2007), and guinea pig (Preyer,1885; Kan et al,2009; Sekulić et al,2009). The earliest spontaneous motor activity in the chick and mouse embryos is highly cyclic, spinal in origin, and has an influence on motor axon pathfinding (Provine and Rogers,1977; Hanson et al,2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous cyclic embryonic movements in humans and guinea pigs

Felt

Mulder

Lüchinger³

et al. 2012

Developmental Neurobiology

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Motility assessment before birth can be used to evaluate the integrity of the nervous system. Sideways bending (SB) of head and/or rump, the earliest embryonic motility in both humans and guinea pigs, can be visualized sonographically. We know from other species that early embryonic motility is cyclic. This study explores the distribution of SB-to-SB intervals in human and guinea pig embryos before the appearance of more complex movements such as general movements. We hypothesized that the activity in both species is cyclic. We made 15-min sonographic recordings of SBs between 5 weeks and 0 days (5wk0d) and 7wk0d conceptional age (CA) in 18 human embryos of uncomplicated IVF pregnancies (term 38 weeks) and in 20 guinea pig embryos between 3wk4d and 4wk0d CA (term 9 weeks). SB-to-SB interval durations were categorized as long (≥10 s) or short (<10 s) intervals. For human embryos, the median values for long and short intervals were 61 s (range, 10-165 s) and 3 s (range, 1-9 s) respectively; for guinea pigs 38 s (range, 10-288 s) and 5 s (range, 1-9 s), respectively. During development, the duration of long intervals decreased while the number of short intervals increased for both species. The earliest embryonic motility in the human and guinea pig is performed cyclically with distinct developmental milestones. The resemblance of their interval development offers promising possibilities to use the guinea pig as a noninvasive animal model of external influences on motor and neural development.

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Neck-to-shoulder pain as an unusual presentation of pulmonary embolism in a patient with cervical spinal cord injury

Lee

Lee²

2017

Medicine

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Rationale:Information on referred pain can be helpful for diagnosing diseases of the visceral organs. Here, the authors report a patient with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) who had referred pain at the right side from the neck to shoulder, as a presentation of pulmonary embolism (PE).Patient concerns:A 55-year-old man with complete tetraplegia, due to cervical SCI after C5 and C6 vertebral body fracture, complained of right neck-to-shoulder pain (numerical scale rating: 6). Despite pain medication (meloxicam 15 mg, gabapentin 400 mg, and propacetamol HCl 1 g), the pain was not reduced. Along with right neck-to-shoulder pain, he presented mild fever (37.8°C) and mildly elevated respiratory rate (20 breaths/min). D-dimer level was also mildly elevated to 6.09 mg/mL (normal value: < 0.5 mg/mL).Diagnoses:Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed PE in the right lower lobe pulmonary artery.Interventions:For managing PE, rivaroxaban was administered for three days.Outcomes:After the administration of rivaroxaban, the patient's pain completely disappeared.Lessons:This study shows that pain at the neck-to-shoulder area can occur following unexpected causes such as PE. Not limited to PE, the evaluation of diseases in the thoracic or abdominal organs is recommended if patients with cervical SCI present refractory pain in the dermatomes innervated by high cervical nerve roots.

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The development of descending projections from the brainstem to the spinal cord in the fetal sheep

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse

Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse

Spontaneous cyclic embryonic movements in humans and guinea pigs

Neck-to-shoulder pain as an unusual presentation of pulmonary embolism in a patient with cervical spinal cord injury

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