The Development of Carotid Stent Material

Abstract

Endovascular angioplasty with stenting is a promising option for treating carotid artery stenosis. There exist a rapidly increasing number of different stent types with different materials. The bare-metal stent is the most commonly used stent with acceptable results, but it leaves us with the problems of thrombosis and restenosis. The drug-eluting stent is a breakthrough as it has the ability to reduce the restenosis rate, but the problem of late thrombosis still has to be addressed. The biodegradable stent disappears after having served its function. However, restenosis and degradation rates remain to be studied. In this article, we review every stent material with its characteristics, clinical results and complications and point out the standards of an ideal carotid stent. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

(In)comparability of Carotid Artery Stent Characteristics: A Systematic Review on Assessment and Comparison with Manufacturer Data

“…A variety of methodologies and outcome measures was described for the other device characteristics, which hampered comparisons between published literature and manufacturer data. For carotid artery stenting to succeed, the carotid stent needs to be capable of sufficient plaque coverage, but also has to have adequate levels of flexibility (during maneuvering of the stent delivery system), conformability (to the vessel curvature), and radial force (to withstand pressure from outside) [17]. In general, due to higher flexibility socalled open cell stents are reserved for tortuous anatomies, while closed cell stents are used in patients with vulnerable plaques due to better scaffolding capacities (at the expense of lower flexibility) [7].…”

Efficacy and safety of stenting for elderly patients with severe and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a critical meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Although the overall quality of the included RCTs was good, some other limitations existed: 1) stent material and type were not reported in detail, and different stent might have its special characters; 32 2) an accurate diagnosis of MI should be based on symptom, electrocardiogram, and Q-wave situation. However, most of the studies did not report a standard diagnosis method, and this might lead to potential bias; 3) surgeon’s experience may to affect the therapeutic effects.…”

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology Drug Delivery Technologies in the Superficial Femoral Artery

“…[66] Stent material has evolved over time from stainless steel to better alloys using cobalt, platinum, nickel, and titanium among others. While nitinol and other modern stent materials are useful in treating occlusions due to their structural properties, [67, 68] any durable stent is prone to several possible complications, since it is a permanent foreign body.…”

“…However, more work is needed in the development and analysis of alloys. [66, 74] As a whole, these new technologies have yet to be used in large-scale clinical trials. However, given unique challenges of the SFA, biodegradable stents seem to be a promising solution to ISR.…”