The Development of Calves Raised without Protozoa and Certain other Characteristic Rumen Microorganisms

Pounden, W.D.; Hibbs, J.W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(50)91948-5

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The low numbers of Oscillospira in isolated calves are especially remarkable since Pounden & Hibbs (1950) when working with an isolated ciliate-free calf which had been accidentally contaminated with normal calf rumen fluid, observed vast numbers of Oscillospira, an observation entirely comparable with those recorded for the isolated lambs discussed above. Although calf 2 was kept for 8 weeks in a crate about 9 ft. away from some adult roughage-fed cattle and the dairy herd, and might be expected to have been subject to aerial contamination with Oscillospira, none of these organisms developed in the calf.…”

Section: ( B ) Calvessupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Considerable interest has been shown in the development of rumen microbial populations in calves kept on different rations and under varying conditions of management (Pounden & Hibbs, 1948a, b, 1949, 1950 Bryant, Small, Bouma & Robinson, 1958;Bryant & Small, 1960). The value of artificial inoculations of rumen contents in early weaning has been studied, as for example by Preston (1958), but the low rumen pH proved to be a limiting factor in the establishment…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

Eadie¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

142

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SUMMARYThe development of the rumen flora and fauna has been followed by microscopic observations of rumen fluid from 58 young lambs and calves kept under different conditions of management ; including remaining with the dam, early weaning and artificial inoculation into the rumen. Ciliatefree animals were successfully maintained by isolation from direct contact with other ruminants from an early age, but it was noted that greater space should be left between cattle than between sheep. The general effect of different diets and treatments proved similar in calves and lambs but certain differences were noted in their flora. Certain large bacteria developed in isolated lambs without direct contact between animals. Some generalizations, particularly the effect of a high concentrate diet, were applicable to all animals examined, but there were variations between individual animals. In the establishment of rumen ciliates diet was the governing factor and artificial inoculation with ciliates proved as effective as constant contact with the dam. Although the ciliate-free animals showed no differences in performance certain differences in the rumen flora common to isolated calves and lambs were noted.

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Section: ( B ) Calvessupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

Eadie¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

142

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“…Pounden and Hibbs (1950) observed a lower incidence of scours in faunated animals. Pounden and Hibbs (1950) observed a lower incidence of scours in faunated animals.…”

Section: Protozoa and Rumen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Hobson¹,

Stewart²

1997

347

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“…Although the role of bacteria in digestion is well-known, the effect of ciliates has long been unknown or considered to be negligible (Pounden and Hibbs, 1950 ; Eadie and Gill, 1971 ;Williams and Dinusson, 1973). Over the past twenty years, many studies comparing conventional (naturally faunated) animals with protozoa-free (ciliate-free) animals have been carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

Jouany¹,

Zainab²,

Sénaud³

et al. 1981

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Six rumen-fistulated and defaunated wethers were fed twice daily a pelleted diet of barley and dehydrated lucern at a rate of 50 g dry matter/kg body weight °-!5. Two months later, the sheep were divided into three equal groups. Each group was then inoculated in the rumen with one of the following three genera of protozoa : Polyplastron multivesiculatum (P), Entodinium sp. (E), or lsotricha prostoma (I). After two months, each group was subdivided and inoculated with an additional genus to obtain two sheep for each P + E, P + I and E + I combination. After an additional two months, two sheep were inoculated with a mixture of several genera to restore them to a conventional state. At the end of each of the four two-month periods, the total digestibility of organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), nitrogen (N) and fermentation in the rumen were measured.The P + E genera combination could not be obtained because E disappeared when the sheep were inoculated with the P species. However, these two genera can coexist in a rumen containing at least four different genera of protozoa.OM and ADF digestibilities were improved mainly by inoculating the P genus and, to a lesser extent, the E genus, but the effect of I was negative. N digestibility tended to be higher after ciliate inoculation, compared to the defaunated state. Furthermore, the pH in inoculated sheep was generally lower, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia levels were higher.The composition of the VFA mixture was strongly influenced by inoculation with the E genus : the propionic acid proportion increased at the expense of the acetic and butyric acid proportions. This result was confirmed by the lower CH 4/ C0 2 ratio observed in the rumen gas composition in sheep inoculated with the E genus. With P alone or with other ciliates, the butyric acid proportion increased. The rumen lactic acid concentration increased after inoculation with the I genus. In the conventional animals, fermentation patterns were similar to those observed in the P-inoculated animals but the differences increased and became significant.Of the three ciliates studied, the P genus had the greatest effect on the digestive parameters which were similar to those found in conventional sheep. This effect could be explained by the ability of the P genus to hydrolyse and ferment most carbohydrates and by its predatory action on bacteria and protozoa.Introduction.

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The Development of Calves Raised without Protozoa and Certain other Characteristic Rumen Microorganisms

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

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