The development of an altered gingival crevicular microflora in the alloxan-diabetic rat

McNamara, T. F.; Ramamurthy, N.; Mulvihill, James E.; Golub, Lorne M.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(82)90055-3

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Chemically induced type 1 diabetes (with alloxan or STZ) has been the most frequently used model, probably because of its low cost and the ease and rapidity of achieving diabetic animals. A large number of investigations 49,51‐81 indicated that alloxan‐ and STZ‐treated rodents had more severe spontaneous and induced periodontitis than non‐diabetic controls. In addition to the drug‐induced type 1 diabetes models, the genetically type 1 diabetic NOD mouse has been used in a periodontitis study 82 .…”

Section: Rodent Models Of Diabetes and Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diabetes increases glucose concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in humans and decreases the salivary levels of epidermal growth factor in rodent models and in humans, which plays an important role in wound healing 75,117‐119 . These modifications in GCF may affect plaque composition; this is supported by results from rodent studies in which increased amounts of plaque and increased numbers of Gram‐negative anaerobes were found in diabetic rats compared to non‐diabetic rats 68,81 . Clinical investigations are not in total agreement; although some studies 120‐124 did not show any differences in the periodontal microbiota of diabetic individuals, other studies 68,125‐128 detected higher numbers of Capnocytophaga spp., Campylobacter rectus , Prevotella intermedia , and Pg in diseased sites of diabetics compared to non‐diabetics.…”

Section: Effect Of Diabetes In the Periodontium Of Humans And Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Periodontitis and Diabetes: Lessons From Rodent Studies

Pontes

Flyvbjerg

Buschard

et al. 2007

Journal of Periodontology

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Section: Rodent Models Of Diabetes and Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Diabetes In the Periodontium Of Humans And Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Periodontitis and Diabetes: Lessons From Rodent Studies

Pontes

Flyvbjerg

Buschard

et al. 2007

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Early studies demonstrated a shift in the subgingival microbiota of animals in which diabetes was induced chemically (115). Deepening of periodontal pockets and a shift to a flora predominated by gram‐negative rods and filaments was seen.…”

Section: Effects Of Diabetes Mellitus On the Periodontiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal influences: effects of diabetes mellitus and endogenous female sex steroid hormones on the periodontium

Mealey¹,

Moritz²

2003

Periodontology 2000

167

151

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“…Gradients generated within such biofilms can produce an environment sufficiently reduced to permit the growth of even strict anaerobes. Animal studies in diabetic rats indicated that progression of periodontal disease was associated with a reduced oxygen tension (McNamara et al, 1982), and studies of humans found a link between reduced oxygen tension, increased periodontal pocket depth, and bleeding, with the presence of spirochetes and other putative periodontopathogens (Loesche et al, 1983).…”

Section: Redox Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Approaches to the Control of Oral Biofilms

1997

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Evidence that physiological strategies may be potential routes for oral biofilm control has come from (i) observations of the variations in the intra-oral distribution of members of the resident oral microflora, (ii) changes in plaque composition in health and disease, and (iii) data from laboratory model systems. Key physiological factors that were identified as significant in modulating the microflora included the local pH, redox potential (Eh), and nutrient availability. Increases in mutans streptococci and lactobacilli occur at sites with caries; growth of these species is selectively enhanced at low pH. In contrast, periodontal diseases are associated with plaque accumulation, followed by an inflammatory host response. The increases in Gram-negative, proteolytic, and obligately anaerobic bacteria reflect a low redox potential and a change in nutrient status due to the increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Consequently, physiological strategies for oral biofilm control should focus on reducing the frequency of low pH in plaque by (i) inhibiting acid production, (ii) using sugar substitutes, and (iii) promoting alkali generation from arginine or urea supplements. Similarly, strategies to make the pocket environment less favorable to periodontopathogens include (i) anti-inflammatory agents to reduce the flow of (and hence nutrient supply by) GCF, (ii) bacterial protease inhibitors, and (iii) redox agents to raise the Ehh locally. Most laboratory and clinical findings support the concept of physiological control. However, some data suggest that the ordered structure and metabolically interactive organization of mature dental plaque could generate a community with a high level of homeostasis that is relatively resistant to deliberate external manipulation.

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The development of an altered gingival crevicular microflora in the alloxan-diabetic rat

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Relationship Between Periodontitis and Diabetes: Lessons From Rodent Studies

Relationship Between Periodontitis and Diabetes: Lessons From Rodent Studies

Hormonal influences: effects of diabetes mellitus and endogenous female sex steroid hormones on the periodontium

Physiological Approaches to the Control of Oral Biofilms

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