The development of acute post-traumatic stress disorder after orofacial injury: a prospective study in a large urban hospital

The Long-Term Psychological Sequelae of Orofacial Injury

“…Our study cohort of 336 patients was recruited from the pool of adult patients presenting with orofacial injuries to a Level I trauma center in Los Angeles between August 1996 and May 2001 (19) (20). Although the spectrum of injury included the mouth, mandible, midfacial, and frontal regions, patients needed to have at least one fracture involving the mandible to be eligible for the study.…”

The Mental Health of Hospital Workers Dealing with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

“…The individual’s reaction to post-traumatic stress and maladjustment is related to mental health [11] and parental attachment [12]. If parents demonstrated warm, adequate caring and a positive attitude toward the individual, the individual would have a lower level of post-traumatic stress reaction [12], as well as better psychological adjustment [13], and would be protected against later psychiatric risk [14].…”

The Psychosocial Characteristics and Needs of Patients Presenting with Orofacial Injury

“…Patients previously assaulted were 1.5 times more likely to report assault as the cause of their current orofacial injury. In the UCLA sample, Glynn et al (2) found that 85.1% of their subjects had experienced a prior traumatic event, as operationalized on the exposure items of the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnosis Scale (18). The rates of prior trauma exposure reported in the UMDNJ and UCLA samples are comparable to those reported in large scale studies of ethnically-diverse samples (19,20).…”

“…The strategy for recruitment into the study at the Medical College of Virginia is not clear. In the UCLA studies (2,8,10), patients were approached in the emergency department or shortly thereafter at an early follow-up appointment. The Virginia participants were approached during an early follow-up appointment whereas it is it is unclear how soon after the injury participants were enrolled in the UMDNJ study.…”

“…The prominence of substance use problems in orofacial injury patients is also recognized by the care providers (15). In a different UCLA cohort, Glynn et al found (2) that the responses to the commonly used CAGE questionnaire suggested a possible alcohol problem in 62% of the subjects (16). These estimates are all markedly higher than the prevalence rates of alcohol problems found in African American (6.92%) and Hispanic (9.08%) males in their twenties found in a recently published large scale national epidemiological study (17).…”