The development of a short form of the EMBU 1Swedish acronym for Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (“My memories of upbringing”). 1 : Its appraisal with students in Greece, Guatemala, Hungary and Italy

Arrindell, Willem A.; Sanavio, Ezio; Aguilar, Guido; Sica, Claudio; Hatzichristou, Chryse; Eisemann, Martin; Recinos, Luis A.; Gaszner, P.; Peter, Monika; Battagliese, Giuseppe; Kállai, János; Ende, Jan van der

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00192-5

Cited by 253 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Twenty five participants (4 %) indicated they were not raised by a maternal figure and 91 participants (16 %) were not raised by a paternal figure (there were missing data for another three participants). sEMBU scores have demonstrated good reliability, validity, and structural invariance across demographic groups (e.g., Aluja et al, 2006;Arrindell et al 1999;Baker & Hoerger, 2012;Petrowski et al, 2009). The Rejection scales from the sEMBU show the largest correlations with greater distress, psychopathology and decreased life satisfaction (e.g., Baker & Hoerger, 2012;Petrowski et al, 2009) and were most relevant to our focus on maladaptive schemas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Parent Rearing Behavior The sEMBU (Memories of Upbringing, short version, English translation from Swedish; Arrindell, Sanavio, Aguilar, Sica, & Hatzichristou, 1999) was administered to assess retrospective accounts of parenting styles. The sEMBU consists of 23-items assessing three dimensions: Rejection (7 items, α mother =0.85, α father =0.87; e.g., "My mother criticized me and told me how lazy and useless I was in front of others"), Warmth (6 items, α mother = 0.83, α father .90; e.g., "If things went badly for me, my mother tried to comfort and encourage me"), and Control (10 items, α mother =0.81, α father = 0.82; e.g., "I wished my mother would worry less about what I was doing").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Parental Rejection on the Development of Maladaptive Schemas, Rumination, and Motivations for Self-Injury

Quirk

Wier

Martin

et al. 2014

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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To improve understanding of the development of self-injury, the current study was designed to determine the role that rejecting caregivers may have in conferring risk through development of maladaptive schemas, rumination, and specific motives for various self-destructive behaviors. Data were collected from undergraduates endorsing a history of self-injury who were raised by both parents (n=228). The proposed model hypothesizing parental rejection influencing dual pathways of interpersonal and intrapersonal causes and motivations for self-injury was supported. Perceptions of greater parental rejection were associated with higher levels of both intra and interpersonal maladaptive schemas which, in turn, influenced corresponding intra and interpersonal motivations for self injury. Further, we found support for the expectation that the intrapersonal pathway was associated with greater depressive rumination and greater severity, recency, and variety of self-injury. Results are consistent with developmental models of dysfunctional caregiver relationships which disrupt the formation of healthy self views and adaptive emotional regulation capacities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Parental Rejection on the Development of Maladaptive Schemas, Rumination, and Motivations for Self-Injury

Quirk

Wier

Martin

et al. 2014

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The 23-item short-Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran (s-EMBU) "My Memories of Upbringing" measures adults' perceptions of their parents' child-rearing behavior on three subscales: parental rejection (e.g., "My parents criticized me and told me how lazy and useless I was in front of others"), emotional warmth (e.g., "I felt that warmth and tenderness existed between me and my parents"), and parental overprotection (e.g., "I think that my parents' anxiety that something might happen to me was exaggerated"; Arrindell et al, 1999). Although the s-EMBU can be scored separately for mothers and fathers, in order to incorporate the wide range of possible carer arrangements, a measure of perceptions of parental care-giving behavior in general was obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Self-Compassion: The Role of Attachment and Experiences of Parenting in Childhood

et al. 2014

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Much evidence indicates that self-compassion is related to a wide range of positive outcomes, yet remarkably little is known as to the origins of self-compassion. Here we present two studies that investigate the potential origins of individual differences in self-compassion. In Study 1, participants' (N ¼ 329) recall of high parental rejection and overprotection, and low parental warmth in childhood predicted low self-compassion, and this was mediated by attachment anxiety. Attachment avoidance did not mediate any association. Study 2 (N ¼ 32) extended this crosssectional study by experimentally enhancing attachment security, which led to an increase in state self-compassion. Results suggest that early childhood experiences and attachment may influence the development of self-compassion.

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“…The questions have to be answered using a 4-point Likert-type scale. The EMBU has demonstrated adequate validity and reliability [29]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Transmission Pathways of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms: From Mother to Child?

et al. 2013

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Background: There is evidence that the borderline symptomatology of the mother longitudinally predicts the number of borderline criteria met by the children. However, possible underlying mechanisms have rarely been examined. In line with transactional models of borderline personality disorder (BPD), we analyzed a broad concept of maladaptive mother-child interactions of mothers with BPD symptoms towards their children, including insensitive parenting and mother-child discrepancies, in reporting the child's psychopathological behavior. Sampling/Methods: The sample was drawn from the population-based Greifswald Family Study and consisted of 295 children and their biological mothers. Both were examined at two points in time, first when the children were about 15 years old (T₀) and again 5 years later (T₁), using path analyses. Results: Maladaptive mother-child interactions (especially an overprotective and rejecting parenting style and high discrepancies regarding internalizing problems) mediate the longitudinal transmission of borderline symptoms from mother to child. Furthermore, our data revealed that this result is consistent for various youth symptoms which are associated with BPD such as impulsivity or dissociation. Conclusion: The data of the current study imply that the transmission of borderline symptoms from mother to child is mediated by maladaptive mother-child interactions. For this reason early and professional support may be useful to prevent these children from developing severe psychopathology.

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The development of a short form of the EMBU 1Swedish acronym for Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (“My memories of upbringing”). 1 : Its appraisal with students in Greece, Guatemala, Hungary and Italy

Cited by 253 publications

References 15 publications

The Influence of Parental Rejection on the Development of Maladaptive Schemas, Rumination, and Motivations for Self-Injury

The Influence of Parental Rejection on the Development of Maladaptive Schemas, Rumination, and Motivations for Self-Injury

Individual Differences in Self-Compassion: The Role of Attachment and Experiences of Parenting in Childhood

Longitudinal Transmission Pathways of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms: From Mother to Child?

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