The development of a nitrogen dioxide sonde

Sluis, W.; Allaart, Marc; Piters, Ankie; Gast, L. F. L.

doi:10.5194/amt-3-1753-2010

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Heland et al, 2002) or balloon soundings (e.g. Sluis et al, 2010), they are often not representative for the whole spatial extent of the satellite ground pixel, which is typically of the order of several hundreds of km 2 or more. Similar arguments hold for observations of the integrated tropospheric column measurements e.g.…”

Section: Validation Of Omi Measurements Using Car Max-doas Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of NOx emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

et al. 2011

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Abstract. We present the first Multi-Axis-(MAX-) DOAS observations in India performed during April 2010 and January 2011 in Delhi and nearby regions. The MAX-DOAS instrument was mounted on a car roof, which allowed us to perform measurements along individual driving routes. From car MAX-DOAS observations along closed circles around Delhi, together with information on wind speed and direction, the NO x emissions from the greater Delhi area were determined: our estimate of 4.4 × 10 25 molecules s −1 is found to be slightly lower than the corresponding emission estimates using the EDGAR emission inventory and substantially smaller compared to a recent study by Gurjar et al. (2004). We also determined NO x emissions from Delhi using OMI satellite observations on the same days. These emissions are slightly smaller than those from the car MAX-DOAS measurements. Finally the car MAX-DOAS observations were also used for the validation of simultaneous OMI satellite measurements of the tropospheric NO 2 VCD and found a good agreement of the spatial patterns. Concerning the absolute values, OMI data are, on average, higher than the car MAX-DOAS observations close to strong emission sources, and vice versa over less polluted regions. Our results indicate that OMI NO 2 VCDs are biased low over strongly polluted regions, probably caused by inadequate apriori profiles used in the OMI satellite retrieval.

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Section: Validation Of Omi Measurements Using Car Max-doas Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of NOx emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

et al. 2011

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“…For most days the answer cannot be given by the lidar measurements, as they do not go high enough. For 24 June however, evidence for the presence of an elevated NO 2 layer is also found with the NO 2 radiosonde (Sluis et al (2010), Fig. 11c), launched around 10:30 UTC.…”

Section: Retrieval Results For Selected Daysmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The three parameters are compared to independent observations from an AERONET sun photometer, NO 2 lidar and in-situ monitors, respectively. Also shown are tropospheric NO 2 columns from the OMI instrument (Levelt et al, 2006) and from the NO 2 sonde, (Sluis et al, 2010). The MAX-DOAS retrieval algorithm was run with a single aerosol layer, not using relative intensity measurements in the cost function (see Sect.…”

Section: Retrieval Results For Selected Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that for both approaches a-priori assumptions are critical in this part of the atmosphere. When the NO 2 radiosonde (Sluis et al, 2010) will be further developed and validated, a long-term data set of profiles NO 2 can be used to make a realistic, well-founded a-priori assumption for free tropospheric NO 2 . Such an assumption would probably have to take seasonal variations into account.…”

Section: T Vlemmix Et Al: No 2 Profile Information From Max-doas Obmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NO 2 profile shape is not routinely monitored. A new development which would enable this in the future is the monitoring of NO 2 from radiosondes (Sluis et al, 2010). This technique is currently under development and is not as well established nor as widely used as that for e.g.…”

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Ability of the MAX-DOAS method to derive profile information for NO2: can the boundary layer and free troposphere be separated?

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Multiple Axis Differential Optical AbsorptionSpectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments can measure from the ground the absorption by nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) of scattered sunlight seen in multiple viewing directions. This paper studies the potential of this technique to derive the vertical distribution of NO 2 in the troposphere. Such profile information is essential for detailed comparisons of MAX-DOAS retrievals with other measurement techniques for NO 2 , e.g. with a lidar or from space.The retrieval algorithm used is based on a pre-calculated look-up table and assumes homogeneous mixing of aerosols and NO 2 in layers extending from the surface to a variable height. Two retrieval models are compared: one including and one excluding an elevated NO 2 layer at a fixed altitude in the free troposphere. An ensemble technique is applied to derive retrieval uncertainties.Sensitivity studies demonstrate that NO 2 in the free troposphere can only be retrieved accurately if: (i) the retrieved boundary layer profiles for aerosols and NO 2 correspond to the real ones, (ii) if the right a-priori choice is made for the (average) height of free tropospheric NO 2 , and (iii) if all other error sources are very low. It is shown that retrieval models that are capable of accurate NO 2 retrievals in the free troposphere, i.e. models not constrained too much by a-priori assumptions, have as a major disadvantage that they will frequently find free tropospheric NO 2 , also when it is not present in reality. This is a consequence of the fact that NO 2 in the free troposphere is poorly constrained by the MAX-DOAS observations, especially for high aerosol optical thickness values in the boundary layer. Retrieval of free tropospheric NO 2 is therefore sensitive to a large number of error sources. For this reason it is advised to firmly constrain free tropospheric NO 2 in MAX-DOAS retrieval models used Correspondence to: T. Vlemmix (vlemmix@knmi.nl) for applications such as satellite validation. This effectively makes free tropospheric NO 2 a source of error for MAX-DOAS retrieval of NO 2 profiles in the boundary layer.A comparison was performed with independent data, based on MAX-DOAS observations done at the CINDI campaign, held in the Netherlands in 2009. Comparison with lidar partial tropospheric NO 2 columns showed a correlation of 0.78, and an average difference of 0.1× 10 15 molec cm −2 . The diurnal evolution of the NO 2 volume mixing ratio measured by in-situ monitors at the surface and averaged over five days with cloud-free mornings, compares well to the MAX-DOAS retrieval: a correlation was found of 0.94, and an average difference of 0.04 ppb.

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Linking NO₂ surface concentration and integrated content in the urban developed atmospheric boundary layer

Dieudonné

Ravetta

Pelon

et al. 2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] A statistical linear relationship between NO 2 surface concentration and its integrated content in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is established in urban conditions, using ABL depth as an ancillary parameter. This relationship relies on a unique data set including 20 months of observations from a ground-based UV-visible light spectrometer and from an aerosol lidar, both located in Paris inner city center. Measurements show that in all seasons, large vertical gradients of NO 2 concentration exist in Paris developed ABL, explaining why the average concentration retrieved is only about 25% of NO 2 surface concentration. This result shows that the commonly used hypothesis of constant mixing ratio in the ABL is not valid over urban areas, where large NO x emissions occur. Moreover, the relationship obtained is robust, and the studied area lacks of any particular orographic features, so that our results should be more widely applicable to pollution survey from space-borne observations. Citation: Dieudonné, E., F. Ravetta, J. Pelon, F. Goutail, and J.-P. Pommereau (2013), Linking NO 2 surface concentration and integrated content in the urban developed atmospheric boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett.,

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The development of a nitrogen dioxide sonde

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Estimation of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

Estimation of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

Ability of the MAX-DOAS method to derive profile information for NO<sub>2</sub>: can the boundary layer and free troposphere be separated?

Linking NO₂ surface concentration and integrated content in the urban developed atmospheric boundary layer

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The development of a nitrogen dioxide sonde

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Estimation of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

Estimation of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

Ability of the MAX-DOAS method to derive profile information for NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: can the boundary layer and free troposphere be separated?

Linking NO2 surface concentration and integrated content in the urban developed atmospheric boundary layer

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Estimation of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

Estimation of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

Ability of the MAX-DOAS method to derive profile information for NO<sub>2</sub>: can the boundary layer and free troposphere be separated?

Linking NO₂ surface concentration and integrated content in the urban developed atmospheric boundary layer