The development of a new set of long‐term climate averages for the UK

Perry, Matthew C.; Hollis, Daniel

doi:10.1002/joc.1160

Cited by 136 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…2, Table 4) that is associated in part with variations in climate, specifically with mean annual precipitation. This probably explains the greater range of C and N values reported from the JHI sites, especially the west to east precipitation gradient across Scotland (Perry and Hollis, 2005). However, climatic associations with C, N and P concentrations are relatively weak, and our results suggest that ombrotrophic peats in the Britain are fairly uniform in their macronutrient concentrations.…”

Section: Long-term Average C N and P Concentrations In Uk Peatsmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

Schillereff

Boyle

Toberman

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• C, N and P concentrations and longterm burial rates in UK peat are of similar magnitude to published values elsewhere.• The long-term burial flux in UK peat of P is broadly consistent with atmospheric deposition rates; N burial exceeds atmospheric deposition, consistent with substantial N fixation by peat bogs.• N and P concentrations in peat are strongly associated in both UK and sites elsewhere in the world, consistent with a key role for P in biological fixation of N and C. In this paper we report new data on peat carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and accumulation rates for 15 sites in the UK. Concentrations of C, N and P measured in peat from five ombrotrophic blanket mires, spanning 4000-10,000 years to present were combined with existing nutrient data from ten Scottish ombrotrophic peat bogs to provide the first UK perspective on millennial scale macronutrient concentrations in ombrotrophic peats. Long-term average C, N and P concentrations (0-1.25 m) for the UK are 54.8, 1.56 and 0.039 wt%, of similar magnitude to the few published comparable sites worldwide. The uppermost peat (0-0.2 m) is enriched in P and N (51.0, 1.86, and 0.070 wt%) relative to the deeper peat (0.5-1.25 m, 56.3, 1.39, and 0.027 wt%). Long-term average (whole core) accumulation rates of C, N and P are 25.3 ± 2.2 gC m −2 year −1 (mean ± SE), 0.70 ± 0.09 gN m −2 year −1 and 0.018 ± 0.004 gP m −2 year −1 , again similar to values reported elsewhere in the world. The two most significant findings are: 1) that a regression model of N concentration on P concentration and mean annual precipitation, based on global meta data for surface peat samples, can explain 54% of variance in N concentration in these UK peat profiles; and 2) budget calculations for the UK peat G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v cores yield an estimate for long-term average N-fixation of 0.8 g m −2 year −1 . Our UK results, and comparison with others sites, corroborate published estimates of N storage in northern boreal peatlands through the Holocene as ranging between 8 and 15 Pg N. However, the observed correlation of N% with both mean annual precipitation and P concentration allows a potential bias in global estimates that do not take this into account. The peat sampling data set has been deposited at the NERC Data Centre (Toberman et al., 2016).

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Section: Long-term Average C N and P Concentrations In Uk Peatsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Altitude (Landmap UK), underlying geology (DiGMapGB) and local 1971-2000 mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature (MAT) were determined for all sites from the 5 × 5 km gridded UKCP2009 dataset (Perry and Hollis, 2005).…”

Section: Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

Schillereff

Boyle

Toberman

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The meteorology was characterised by monthly mean, maximum and minimum temperature, and number of hours of sunshine for Harwell and Auchencorth obtained from the UK Met Office climate summaries for "South East and Central South England" and "East Scotland", respectively (http://www. metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/datasets/#) (Perry and Hollis, 2005).…”

Section: Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of speciated VOCs on regional ozone increment derived from measurements at the UK EMEP supersites between 1999 and 2012

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The impact of 27 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the regional O 3 increment was investigated using measurements made at the UK EMEP supersites Harwell (1999Harwell ( -2001Harwell ( and 2010Harwell ( -2012 and Auchencorth (2012). Ozone at these sites is representative of rural O 3 in southeast England and northern UK, respectively. The monthlydiurnal regional O 3 increment was defined as the difference between the regional and hemispheric background O 3 concentrations, respectively, derived from oxidant vs. NO x correlation plots, and cluster analysis of back trajectories arriving at Mace Head, Ireland. At Harwell, which had substantially greater regional O 3 increments than Auchencorth, variation in the regional O 3 increment mirrored afternoon depletion of anthropogenic VOCs due to photochemistry (after accounting for diurnal changes in boundary layer mixing depth, and weighting VOC concentrations according to their photochemical ozone creation potential). A positive regional O 3 increment occurred consistently during the summer, during which time afternoon photochemical depletion was calculated for the majority of measured VOCs, and to the greatest extent for ethene and m+p-xylene. This indicates that, of the measured VOCs, ethene and m+p-xylene emissions reduction would be most effective in reducing the regional O 3 increment but that reductions in a larger number of VOCs would be required for further improvement.The VOC diurnal photochemical depletion was linked to anthropogenic sources of the VOC emissions through the integration of gridded anthropogenic VOC emission estimates over 96 h air-mass back trajectories. This demonstrated that one factor limiting the effectiveness of VOC gridded emissions for use in measurement and modelling studies is the highly aggregated nature of the 11 SNAP (Selected Nomenclature for Air Pollution) source sectors in which they are reported, as monthly variation in speciated VOC trajectory emissions did not reflect monthly changes in individual VOC diurnal photochemical depletion. Additionally, the major VOC emission source sectors during elevated regional O 3 increment at Harwell were more narrowly defined through disaggregation of the SNAP emissions to 91 NFR (Nomenclature for Reporting) codes (i.e. sectors 3D2 (domestic solvent use), 3D3 (other product use) and 2D2 (food and drink)). However, spatial variation in the contribution of NFR sectors to parent SNAP emissions could only be accounted for at the country level. Hence, the future reporting of gridded VOC emissions in source sectors more highly disaggregated than currently (e.g. to NFR codes) would facilitate a more precise identification of those VOC sources most important for mitigation of the impact of VOCs on O 3 formation.In summary, this work presents a clear methodology for achieving a coherent VOC, regional-O 3 -impact chemical climate using measurement data and explores the effect of limited emission and measurement species on the understanding of the regional VOC contribution to O 3 concentrat...

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“…Although a number of deterministic approaches are widely applied (e.g. Perry & Hollis, 2005), the use of an appropriate stochastic model allows the uncertainty in the infilling process to be evaluated and allows an unlimited amount of synthetic rainfall data to be generated under baseline conditions and potentially under climate change. It further ensures that the variability of in-filled values is consistent with the variability of observations, which is not necessarily the case for deterministic approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-site stochastic modelling of daily rainfall in Uganda

Kigobe

McIntyre

Wheater

et al. 2011

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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The availability of precipitation records in Uganda has significantly decreased since the 1970s, severely limiting the data available for hydrological modelling. This problem has been addressed in this study by using the generalized linear modelling (GLM) framework to develop stochastic daily rainfall models that have the capability for extending and infilling historic data sets. We have used a relatively sparse raingauge network in the Kyoga basin (in the Upper Nile) to reproduce spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation by fitting occurrence (logistic) and amounts (gamma) models as functions of dominant seasonal, climate and geographical controls. The GLMs were able to reproduce rainfall properties when predefined climatic zones are modelled independently. We were not able to represent the spatial variability of the equatorial climate with one integrated basin scale model, however this is not thought to preclude application to basin scale hydrological modelling.Key words generalized linear models; rainfall; stochastic models; climate change; Uganda; Kyoga; ENSO Modélisation stochastique multi-sites de la pluie journalière en Ouganda Résumé La disponibilité des données de précipitations en Ouganda a considérablement diminué depuis les années 1970, limitant fortement les données disponibles pour la modélisation hydrologique. Ce problème a été abordé dans cette étude dans le cadre de la modélisation linéaire généralisée (MLG), afin de développer des modèles stochastiques de pluie journalière qui puissent étendre et compléter les données historiques. Nous avons utilisé un réseau de pluviomètres de relativement faible densité dans le bassin du Kyoga (dans le Nil Supérieur), afin de reproduire les patrons spatiaux et temporels des précipitations en modélisant l'occurence (logistique) et les volumes (gamma) comme fonctions des forçages dominants saisonniers, climatiques et géographiques. Les MLG sont en mesure de reproduire les propriétés des pluies lorsque des zones climatiques pré-définies sont modélisées de façon indépendante. Nous n'avons pas pu représenter la variabilité spatiale du climat équatorial avec un modèle à l'échelle intégrée du bassin, cependant ceci ne semble pas devoir empêcher la mise en oeuvre d'une modélisation hydrologique à l'échelle du bassin.

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The development of a new set of long‐term climate averages for the UK

Cited by 136 publications

References 13 publications

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

The impact of speciated VOCs on regional ozone increment derived from measurements at the UK EMEP supersites between 1999 and 2012

Multi-site stochastic modelling of daily rainfall in Uganda

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