The development of a high pressure torsion test methodology for simulating wheel/rail contacts

Evans, Mike; Skipper, William A.; Buckley-Johnstone, L.E.; Meierhofer, Alexander; Six, Klaus; Lewis, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106842

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A similar behaviour was observed in high pressure torsion experiments [33] in which the frictional behaviour of a water-based friction modifier was tested in quasi-static annular steel-steel contact set-up at realistic wheel-rail normal contact pressures. Increasing the amount of dried friction modifier per area reduced the coefficient of friction to a minimum limiting value of 0.1.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Model Parameterizationsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Then, the wheel had been rolled over the application site to ensure that the product was distributed on the rail and wheel surfaces. After one rolling cycle, the product on the wheel surface was removed by thorough A similar behaviour was observed in high pressure torsion experiments [33] in which the frictional behaviour of a water-based friction modifier was tested in quasi-static annular steel-steel contact set-up at realistic wheel-rail normal contact pressures. Increasing the amount of dried friction modifier per area reduced the coefficient of friction to a minimum limiting value of 0.1.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Modelling of Frictional Conditions in the Wheel–Rail Interface Due to Application of Top-of-Rail Products

et al. 2021

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The coefficient of friction between a wheel tread and the top of the rail should be maintained at intermediate levels to limit frictional tangential contact forces. This can be achieved by applying top-of-rail products. Reducing the coefficient of friction to intermediate levels reduces energy consumption and fuel costs, as well as damage to the wheel and rail surfaces, such as, e.g., wear, rolling contact fatigue, and corrugation. This work describes a simulation model that predicts the evolution of the coefficient of friction as a function of the number of wheel passes and the distance from the application site for wayside application of top-of-rail products. The model considers the interplay of three mechanisms, namely the pick-up of product by the wheel at the application site, the repeated transfer of the product between the wheel and rail surfaces, and the product consumption. The model has been parameterized with data from small-scale twin disc rig experiments and full-scale wheel–rail rig experiments. Systematic investigations of the model behaviour for a railway operating scenario show that all three mechanisms may limit the achievable carry-on distance of the product. The developed simulation model assists in understanding the interplay of the mechanisms that govern the evolution of the coefficient of friction in the field. It may aid in finding optimal product application strategies with respect to application position, application amount, and application pattern depending on specific railway operating conditions.

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Section: Experimental Results and Model Parameterizationsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Experimental Results and Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Modelling of Frictional Conditions in the Wheel–Rail Interface Due to Application of Top-of-Rail Products

et al. 2021

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“…Figure 1 shows the appearance of the HPT testing equipment. This equipment is capable of making contact between two specimens with a constant normal stress and then rotating the bottom specimen in the direction parallel to the contact interface [ 29 , 30 ]. It uses load cells for tension, compression and torque to measure the compressing load and the torque and uses a rotary variable differential transformer to measure the rotation speed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 lists the specifications of the HPT testing equipment. Figure 2 shows the initial design of specimens for the HPT testing equipment (29). Specimens are installed in the top and bottom parts of the equipment and a pair of the specimens is used as a unit.…”

Section: Hpt Testing Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ evaluation of contact stiffness in a slip interface with different roughness conditions using ultrasound reflectometry

et al. 2021

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Understanding the dynamic condition of the interface between a railway wheel and rail is important to reduce the risks and consider the effectiveness of countermeasures for tribological problems. Traditionally the difficulty in obtaining accurate non-destructive interfacial measurements has hindered systematic experimental investigations. Recently, an ultrasound reflectometry technique has been developed as a direct observation method of a rolling–sliding interface; however, the topography dependence under the high contact pressures in a wheel–rail contact has not been clarified. For this reason, a novel in situ measurement of the contact stiffness using ultrasound reflectometry was carried out for three different levels of roughness. A contact pressure equivalent to that in a wheel–rail interface was achieved by using a high-pressure torsion test approach. The dynamic change of contact stiffness with slip was measured using ultrasound and the influence of roughness was investigated. The measured changes were validated using a newly developed numerical simulation, and mechanisms to explain the observed behaviour were proposed in terms of fracture and plastic deformation of the asperity bonds. These findings could help in understanding the traction characteristics for different roughness conditions and also assist in understanding damage mechanisms better, such as wear and rolling contact fatigue.

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“…These are associated with the existing friction models having no explicit physical interpretation [72]. Some limited research activities in this area are in progress [112,113]. There are almost no research activities in terms of numerical modelling on the distribution of lubricants along the track and across the top of the rail under operational conditions.…”

Section: Challenges In the Development Of Locomotive Models And Digital Twinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems, assumptions and solutions in locomotive design, traction and operational studies

Spiryagin

Polách³

et al. 2022

Rail. Eng. Science

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Locomotive design is a highly complex task that requires the use of systems engineering that depends upon knowledge from a range of disciplines and is strongly oriented on how to design and manage complex systems that operate under a wide range of different train operational conditions on various types of tracks. Considering that field investigation programs for locomotive operational scenarios involve high costs and cause disruption of train operations on real railway networks and given recent developments in the rollingstock compliance standards in Australia and overseas that allow the assessment of some aspects of rail vehicle behaviour through computer simulations, a great number of multidisciplinary research studies have been performed and these can contribute to further improvement of a locomotive design technique by increasing the amount of computer-based studies. This paper was focused on the presentation of the all-important key components required for locomotive studies, starting from developing a realistic locomotive design model, its validation and further applications for train studies. The integration of all engineering disciplines is achieved by means of advanced simulation approaches that can incorporate existing AC and DC locomotive designs, hybrid locomotive designs, full locomotive traction system models, rail friction processes, the application of simplified and exact wheel-rail contact theories, wheel-rail wear and rolling contact fatigue, train dynamic behaviour and in-train forces, comprehensive track infrastructure details, and the use of co-simulation and parallel computing. The co-simulation and parallel computing approaches that have been implemented on Central Queensland University’s High-Performance Computing cluster for locomotive studies will be presented. The confidence in these approaches is based on specific validation procedures that include a locomotive model acceptance procedure and field test data. The problems and limitations presented in locomotive traction studies in the way they are conducted at the present time are summarised and discussed.

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The development of a high pressure torsion test methodology for simulating wheel/rail contacts

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Modelling of Frictional Conditions in the Wheel–Rail Interface Due to Application of Top-of-Rail Products

Modelling of Frictional Conditions in the Wheel–Rail Interface Due to Application of Top-of-Rail Products

In situ evaluation of contact stiffness in a slip interface with different roughness conditions using ultrasound reflectometry

Problems, assumptions and solutions in locomotive design, traction and operational studies

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