The Development of a Dual Injection Hydrogen Fueled Engine With High Power and High Efficiency

Abstract

To achieve high power and high efficiency in a hydrogen fueled engine for all load conditions, the dual injection hydrogen fueled engine that can derive the advantage of both high efficiency from external mixture hydrogen engine and high power from direct cylinder injection hydrogen engine was introduced. For verifying the feasibility of the above engine, the high pressure hydrogen injector of ball valve type actuated by a solenoid was developed. A systematic experimental study was conducted by using a modified single cylinder dual injection hydrogen fueled engine which was equipped with both an intake injector and a high pressure in-cylinder injector. The results showed that (1) the developed high pressure hydrogen injector with a solenoid actuator had good gas-tightness and fine control performance, (2) the transient injection region, in which injection methods are changed from external fuel injection to direct-cylinder injection, ranged from 59 to 74 percent of the load, and (3) the dual injection hydrogen fueled engine had the maximum torque of direct-cylinder fuel injection and the maximum efficiency of external fuel mixture hydrogen engines.

Experimental investigation of hydrogen port fuel injection in DI diesel engine

“…Three injection durations (30 • CA [3.3 ms], 60 • CA [6.6 ms], 90 • CA [9.9 ms]) were selected since the fuel injector can open for a maximum duration of 10 ms. The injector opening timing used were (−5 • BTDC, TDC, 5 • ATDC, 10 • ATDC, 15 • ATDC) [13]. Since the valve opening was 4.5 BTDC it was taken as the initial reading; the injection duration was varied by 5 • CA till the optimum condition was attained.…”

Lean Hydrogen Combustion

“…The reversing trend is assumed to be a consequence of an unfavorable mixture formation. However, Lee et al (2002) report results contradictory to Eichlseder et al (2003), where they find that, for both low and high load, thermal efficiency decreases monotonically with retardation of SOI. These contradictory findings may be a result of differences in mixture formation.…”

“…Rottengruber et al (2004) propose the following strategy: (1) unthrottled lean operation with external mixture at loads below the NO x formation limit, then (2) throttled stoichiometric operation with external mixture, and finally (3) stoichiometric internal mixture formation. Lee et al (2002) report, for a dual-injector H2ICE, improvements in thermal efficiency of approximately 15-30% at low to medium loads with PFI fueling compared to DI fueling, and an increase in peak power output of approximately 60-70% with DI fueling compared to PFI fueling. The disadvantage of the dual-injector strategy is the added cost.…”

“…Multi-mode operating strategies have also been proposed for DI-H2ICEs (Lee et al, 2002;Rottengruber et al, 2004), similar to pressure-boosted H2ICEs. Here, a dualinjector strategy would be used to take advantage of the high thermal efficiencies at low to medium loads with PFI fueling and the high peak power with DI fueling.…”

Performance and emission study in manifold hydrogen injection with diesel as an ignition source for different start of injection

“…The diffusivity of hydrogen is 0.63 cm 2 /s. As the hydrogen self-ignition temperature is 858 K, compared to diesel of 453 K, it allows a larger compression ratio to be used for hydrogen in internal combustion engine [10].…”