The Development of a Composite Bone Model for Training on Placement of Dental Implants

Abstract

Objectives: It takes a lot of training on patients for both undergraduate to develop clinical sense as regards to the placement of dental implants in the jaw bones, also, the models provided by the dental implant companies for training are usually made of strengthened synthetic foams, which are far from the composition, and tactile sense provided by natural bone during drilling for clinical placement of dental implants.Methodology: This is an in-vitro experimental study which utilized bovine femur bone, where the shaft of the femur provided the surface compact layer, and the head provided the cancellous bone layer, to provide a training model similar to jaw bones macroscopic anatomy. Both the compact and cancellous bone samples were characterized using mechanical compressive testing. Results:The elastic moduli of the cancellous and cortical femur bone were comparable to those of the human mandible, and the prepared training model provided a more lifelike condition during the drilling and placement of dental implants. Conclusion:The composite bone model developed simulated the macroscopic anatomy of the jaw bones having a surface layer of compact bone, and a core of cancellous bone, and provided a better and a more natural hands-on experience for placement of dental implants as compared to plastic models made of polyurethane.

The effect of osseodensification and different thread designs on the dental implant primary stability

“…Notably, the results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the OD and the regular drilling techniques, nor between the different thread designs used based on the Periotest values recorded for the implant primary stability. Considering the bone model used, Alkhodary et al 25 have stated that the elastic modulus of the cancellous bone of the cow femur head was comparable to that of the cancellous bone of the human mandible, which is in turn more compact than the bone in the posterior maxillae, and according to Chong et al 11 and Summers 15 , optimal bone quality and quantity can mask any difference in the implant different designs. This suggestion has been further potentiated by Bischof et al 24 who studied the factors affecting the dental implants primary stability, and reported that it is not the diameter or length of the implant, nor the implant thread deepening that affect primary stability, rather than the bone type in the mandible or the maxilla.…”

“…The head of a Cow femur was used as the bone model 25 , to reveal its cancellous bone core, it was sliced in 4 cm thick slices in which the implants were inserted. As shown in Figure 2, all the implants were inserted into osteotomies prepared by drills coupled to hydrated hand piece of a dental drill unit (Osseoset 200, Nobel Biocare) to a full length of 13 mm.…”

Finite Element- and Design of Experiment-Derived Optimization of Screw Configurations and a Locking Plate for Internal Fixation System

“…10-node tetrahedral element of Solid 187 was used for the model meshed. The cortical bone, cancellous bone, callus, titanium alloy plate, and screws were modeled as continuous, homogeneous, and isotropic linear elastic materials [20], and the corresponding elastic modulus were set as 16.8, 0.84, 0.01, 105, and 105 GPa, respectively, and Poisson's ratio was 0.3 [21–23]. The contacts could be regarded as the glue state as there is no relative movement between the screws and the plate and the screws and the femur [24], same as was the contact state of callus and the femur.…”

Early Loading of Short and Standard-Length Dental Implants Retaining Mandibular Kennedy Class I Removable Partial Dentures

“…Immediate loading of short implants was reported in several studies of Alvira-González et al 38 , Weerapong K et al 42 , and Hadilou et al 45 However, this study adopted a more careful approach, the early loading, based on previous studies on the mandibular numerical models, 37 and bone density in the posterior mandible, 43,49,57 where the achieved primary stability of the short dental implants, together of one months of healing, the vertical placement of the implant, and the resilient attachment, enabled the short implants used in this study to demonstrate vertical bone loss values and surrounding bone density profile similar to the standard conventional long implants.…”