The development of a bioengineered organ germ method

Abstract

To bioengineer ectodermal organs such as teeth and whisker follicles, we developed a three-dimensional organ-germ culture method. The bioengineered tooth germ generated a structurally correct tooth, after both in vitro organ culture as well as transplantation under a tooth cavity in vivo, showing penetration of blood vessels and nerve fibers. Our method provides a substantial advance in the development of bioengineered organ replacement strategies and regenerative therapies.

Light‐Patterned RNA Interference of 3D‐Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells

“…[1][2][3][4] Tissue and organ generation in vitro for transplant therapy and disease modeling for drug screening [5] are especially demanding for precise control over 3D patterning of different cell types. [2,4,6,7] Advances in this area include the controlled differentiation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells cultured in 3D matrices followed by self-organization into tissues in vitro. [1,[8][9][10][11] However, current methods for organoid formation have insufficient control over the course of the morphogenetic processes and the resulting structures inadequately replicate native tissues.…”

Mapping the milestones in tooth regeneration: Current trends and future research

“…Nakao et al 24 in 2007 developed a novel 3D organ culture method where they co-cultured epithelial and mesenchymal cells in close approximation within a collagen gel. Regenerated tooth germ was allowed to mature in the renal capsule and later transplanted to the jaw.…”

“…In 2009 Ikeda et al 25 followed same 3D organ culture method of Nakao et al, 24 and first prepared bioengineered molar tooth germ reconstituted from epithelial and mesenchymal cells of ED14.5 embryonic molar tooth germ of mice. The tooth germ was transplanted into upper first molar region of alveolar bone with proper orientation after 5-7 days in an organ culture, and the reconstituted germ developed into early bell stage with mean length of 534.4 AE 45.6 mm.…”

Whole-organ engineering with natural extracellular materials

“…Bioengineering strategies have targeted tooth regeneration using various combinations of scaffolds, growth factors and cells [81][82][83][84]. Approaches using tissue recombinations, and pelleting cells in a scaffold-free environment, are also popular strategies for whole-tooth engineering [85,86].…”