The development, growth, and performance of university spin-offs: a critical review

Abstract

The literature examining university spin-offs is expanding rapidly. While most studies have examined the antecedents of spin-off creation at universities, the impact of spin-offs commercializing university research cannot be properly assessed without considering how these firms develop, grow, and perform over time. This study provides a systematic review of a recent research stream addressing the development, growth, and performance of university spin-offs. By critically analyzing 105 research papers published since 2000, this paper makes two main contributions. First, we present a conceptual framework outlining the variety of outcomes used in the literature to assess the development, growth and performance of university spin-offs, as well as the determinants of these outcomes at different levels of analysis. Second, we critically assess gaps in the extant literature and discuss promising directions for future research. We conclude that the university spin-off phenomenon provides an excellent empirical context for conducting research that contributes to more general theoretical discussions related to entrepreneurship, innovation and management.

Opening the black box of academic entrepreneurship: a bibliometric analysis

“…Based on the recent developments and governmental initiatives, academic institutions are challenged to balance more traditional activities of education and research with increasing commercialization efforts (Galan-Muros et al 2017;Grimaldi et al 2011). This has facilitated the development of various research threads in the academic entrepreneurship literature, which has focused on antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial universities, the process and key determinants of USO development, and the entrepreneurial competencies of researchers engaging in research commercialization activities (Hayter et al 2018;Mathisen and Rasmussen 2019;Perkmann et al 2013;Rasmussen and Wright 2015;Vohora et al 2004).…”

“…Thus, to decrease the risk of the field's fragmentation and to support the systematic generation of relevant and interesting knowledge on academic entrepreneurship, it is necessary to understand both the structure of the current body of literature, and the extent to which it has already tackled recently suggested research opportunities Hayter et al 2018;Mathisen and Rasmussen 2019;Siegel and Wright 2015;Wright 2014). To examine the current state-of-the-art literature on academic entrepreneurship and to compare the new emerging research foci, I seek to generate an evidence-based roadmap for spurring focused academic entrepreneurship research so as to move the field forward.…”

Knowledge Based View of University Tech Transfer—A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Over the past 20 years, there have been several literature reviews related to university technology transfer; Bozeman 2000 2018; and Mathisen and Rasmussen (2019). Note that technology transfer occurs primarily in three ways: (1) transfer of technology to an academic entrepreneur's start-up; (2) transfer to non-academic-entrepreneur's start-up; and (3) transfer to a well-established business entity.…”

Commercialization of Innovation by Western Universities

“…Для скорейшего включения в процесс передачи технологий и инноваций и реализации так называемой «третьей миссии» университеты в течение последних двух десятилетий энергично выстраивают связи с промышленным производством путем создания посреднических структур. Соответственно, более двух десятилетий структуры, занимающиеся коммерциализацией продуктов и технологий, созданных университетами, находятся в центре внимания исследователей [1]. Специалисты наблюдают за ростом, развитием и результативностью деятельности университетских структур и проводят сравнение с другими институциями, занимающимися коммерциализацией инновационных продуктов и разработок.…”