“…Intercropping can be a solution to diversify agroecosystems by using more leguminous crops and also applying less mineral fertilizers (Kübler et al, 2006;Gomiero et al, 2011;Branca et al, 2013;Zając et al, 2013;Neugschwandtner and Kaul, 2014;. Previous studies indicated that growing crops in intercrops is an important strategy for enhancing sustainability and yields, as well as to improve soil conservation (Zając et al, 2013;Branca et al, 2013;Klimek-Kopyra et al, 2015;Scalise et al, 2015). Reasonable intercropping could increase crop growth and productivity (Cecilio et al, 2011), efficient use of the resources water, nitrogen and radiation (Lithourgidis et al, 2011), macronutrients (Kübler et al, 2010;Neugschwandtner and Kaul, 2016a;Salehi et al, 2018) and micronutrients (Neugschwandtner and Kaul, 2016b), yield quality (Klimek-Kopyra et al, 2017) and lower the damage caused by diseases and pests (Hauggaard-Nielsen et al, 2001).…”