The Development and Validation of a Self-Report Measure of Self-Actualization

Abstract

A self-report measure of actualization of potential (MAP) was developed as an alternative to the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) for assessing successful and functioning individuals. Study 1 describes the item selection carried out by means of a literature review, an international panel of 28 experts and two focus groups. In Study 2 construct validity was established with a sample of 414 subjects. A principal component analysis with oblique rotation reduced the initial item pool to 27, yielding a 5-factor solution. A second-order factor analysis revealed two major components, “self-reference” and “openness to experience”. Study 3 achieved a full scale Cronbach's alpha of .90. Overall the new instrument provides both better theoretical and empirical evidence than the POI, and stronger psychometric properties.

Wording effects in the Italian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire

“…The survey included an Italian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ, Meyer et al, 1990) and an Italian version of the Measure of Selfactualization of Potential (MSP, Lefrançois et al, 1997), which is a self-report inventory designed to assess adaptation and psychological functioning in adults. It is a 28-item scale with ratings on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 5.…”

La gestion des buts personnels, un apprentissage significatif pour des étudiants universitaires

“…L'instrument compte 27 items auxquels le sujet répond au moyen d'une échelle en cinq points. Leclerc et al (1998) et Lefrançois, Leclerc, Dubé, Hébert et Gaulin (1997) À ces instruments servant à la collecte des données quantitatives s'ajoutait un rapport, réalisé par l'étudiant et contenant des informations qualitatives détaillées sur les étapes de la démarche (choix, planification et poursuite du but), l'expérience vécue (affects positifs et négatifs, progrès et frustrations, vie du groupe) et l'évalua-tion subjective effectuée à la fin des rencontres. L'examen de ces informations devrait permettre une meilleure compréhension du cheminement du participant et l'amé-lioration de certains aspects de l'intervention.…”

The Relationship between Metacognition, Self-Actualization, and Well-Being among University Students: Reviving Self-Actualization as the Purpose of Education

“…In the present study, selfactualization was measured taking Rule's (1999) Content validity of the measure was established using "Delphi technique involving an international panel of 28 scientific and clinical experts" (Lefrançois, Leclerc, Dubé, Hébert, & Gaulin, 1998, p. 875). An initial factor analysis (Lefrançois et al, 1997) yielded two main dimensions for MAP, Openness to Experience (17 items) and Self-Reference (10 items). Openness to Experience is comprised of three subdimensions:…”

“…The first measure was used with the intention of measuring Actualizing-Disposition, and the two items were added to bring the concept of Actualizing-Initiation (intentionality and purposefulness) to the construct of Actualizing-Self. MAP (measuring Actualizing Disposition) has been already validated and identified with a two-factor structure with five subscales (Leclerc et al, 2002;Lefrançois et al, 1997). The initial EFA ran on MAP for the sample of this study did not conform to either the initial two-factor or five-factor model for MAP; the fifth factor included only one item; five items did not load on any of the factors and the ones that did were not in accordance with already identified factors.…”