The development and validation of the Indian social media addiction scale

Abstract

PurposeMillions of social media users over the last two decades have become dependent on social media that has negatively affected their lives, both physically and mentally. Earlier attempts on social media addiction (SMA) scale development have not been made in India which makes it essential to undertake such a study in this region. One of the objectives of this study was to explore and identify the relevant dimensions of the SMA in the literature. The main study objective was to develop and validate a scale on SMA in India.Design/methodology/approachThe research design applied in this work was both qualitative and quantitative. Based on the literature review, some themes of SMA were recognized that were used to conduct semi-structured interviews with the concerned subjects. The interviews conducted were then transcribed, and using NVivo software application, content analysis was carried out. This helped in the identification of relevant themes that were used for preparing the questionnaire. After that an exploratory study was conducted to explore the factors of SMA. This was followed by a confirmatory analysis on a different sample that validated the instrument.FindingsThis work developed and validated a six-factor measure of SMA. The total numbers of items in the final instrument are 22. Salience, Tolerance, Mood Modification, Relapse, Withdrawal and Conflict are the six factors of the final scale.Practical implicationsThe current designed instrument can be exceptionally functional for evaluating the occurrence and level of the SMA. This can also serve to assist in the handling and management of such online addictive behavior. A lot of productivity is lost due to the unwarranted time spent on the social media. By better understanding the dimensions of SMA, one can limit one's time on such networks.Social implicationsThis work can provide valuable insight into this domain and help in understanding and treatment of this malaise. It can also help parents and other stakeholders at large to comprehend the danger linked with the excessive social media use and therefore, contribute towards the society. These dimensions can also help counsellors and psychologists to better understand the addiction behavior and accordingly counsel the concerned individual.Originality/valueAlthough many instruments have been developed in the past by researchers to measure SMA,still some aspects of the concept remain under-researched. Moreover, most of such research has been confined to the developed world regions.

The “here and now” effect: JoMO, FoMO and the well-being of social media users

“…FoMO involves negative feelings, such as anxiety, depression JoMo, FoMo, well-being of social media users and even anger regarding an event that may currently be happening elsewhere and from which one is absent (Fabris et al, 2020). FoMO is a critical factor in predicting continued and excessive use of SNS (Saqib and Amin, 2023), and is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms and negative self-perceptions as well as of extensive Internet usage (Burnell et al, 2019). FoMO is also associated with increased social separation anxiety (Cheever et al, 2014), higher stress levels (Elhai et al, 2021) and harmful and excessive smartphone usage (Wolniewicz et al, 2018).…”