The development and the regeneration of the color pattern in brachydanio rerio

Goodrich, H. B.; Nichols, Rowena

doi:10.1002/jmor.1050520207

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…A wide variety of mechanisms could be involved, including direct contacts between melanophores, xanthophores, or their precursors, as well as indirect mechanisms involving secreted signaling molecules, trophic factors, or even intermediary cell types. Interactions within and among pigment cell classes were also inferred long ago from studies of developing and regenerating danio fins (Goodrich and Nichols, 1931;Goodrich et al, 1954;Goodrich and Greene, 1959), and more recently, from studies of stripe and bar development in salamander larvae (Epperlein and Lofberg, 1990;Parichy, 1996;Parichy, 2001), suggesting that such mechanisms may be relatively widespread.…”

Section: Pattern-forming Mechanisms and Their Phenotypic Outcomes: Comentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolution of danio pigment pattern development

2006

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Pigment patterns of danio fishes are emerging as a useful system for studying the evolution of developmental mechanisms underlying adult form. Different closely related species within the genera Danio and Devario exhibit a range of pigment patterns including horizontal stripes, vertical bars, and others. In this review, I summarize recent work identifying the genetic and cellular bases for adult pigment pattern formation in the zebrafish Danio rerio, as well as studies of how these mechanisms have evolved in other danios. Together, these analyses highlight the importance of latent precursors at post-embrynoic stages, as well as interactions within and among pigment cell classes, for both pigment pattern development and evolution.

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Section: Pattern-forming Mechanisms and Their Phenotypic Outcomes: Comentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolution of danio pigment pattern development

2006

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“…In both models, the mode of growth is independent of the stripe pattern, which arises from melanocytes after differentiation, either by death of melanocytes from regions that will be xanthophore stripe, or migration from the xanthophore region into the melanocyte stripe, or both (Goodrich and Nichols, 1931). We can consider a third model by which the mechanism of growth directly reflects the organization of the differentiated stripe itself.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal analyses reveal roles of organ founding stem cells, melanocyte stem cells and melanoblasts in establishment, growth and regeneration of the adult zebrafish fin

Johnson

2010

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this marker express GFP weakly in somatic muscle (which is absent in the fin), and strongly in all differentiated melanocytes, making it appropriate for fin melanocyte lineage analysis. In addition, the Xenopus EF1a promoter drives GFP (EF1a>GFP) (Johnson and Krieg, 1995) with ubiquitous expression, making it suitable to compare lineage relationship of melanocytes with other cell types in the fin.Here, we use clonal and lineage analyses to study the contribution of melanocyte lineages to the adult fin. Clones generated by the fTyrp>GFP transposon reveal the number of melanocyte-producing FSCs (mFSCs) that contribute to the anal and caudal fins, melanin-less differentiation in PTU shows where new melanocytes develop, X-irradiation induced clones uncover the role of individual stem cells in the growing fin, and labeling with the EF1a>GFP transposon shows the relationship of melanocytes to other pigmented cells. We also show that ontogenetic and regeneration melanocytes of the adult fin are derived from the same mFSCs, and that kit-dependent and kitindependent regeneration melanocytes (Rawls and Johnson, 2000) Development 137, 3931-3939 (2010) SUMMARYIn vertebrates, the adult form emerges from the embryo by mobilization of precursors or adult stem cells. What different cell types these precursors give rise to, how many precursors establish the tissue or organ, and how they divide to establish and maintain the adult form remain largely unknown. We use the pigment pattern of the adult zebrafish fin, with a variety of clonal and lineage analyses, to address these issues. Early embryonic labeling with lineage-marker-bearing transposons shows that all classes of fin melanocytes (ontogenetic, regeneration and kit-independent melanocytes) and xanthophores arise from the same melanocyte-producing founding stem cells (mFSCs), whereas iridophores arise from distinct precursors. Additionally, these experiments show that, on average, six and nine mFSCs colonize the caudal and anal fin primordia, and daughters of different mFSCs always intercalate to form the adult pattern. Labeled clones are arrayed along the proximal-distal axis of the fin, and melanocyte time-of-differentiation lineage assays show that although most of the pigment pattern growth is at the distal edge of the fin, significant growth also occurs proximally. This suggests that leading edge melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) divide both asymmetrically to generate new melanocytes, and symmetrically to expand the MSCs and leave quiescent MSCs in their wake. Clonal labeling in adult stages confirms this and reveals different contributions of MSCs and transient melanoblasts during growth. These analyses build a comprehensive picture for how MSCs are established and grow to form the pigment stripes of the adult zebrafish fins.

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“…In D. rerio, amputation of the fin is followed by regeneration of the fin and its pigment pattern (Goodrich and Nichols, 1931). An early population of 'primary' regeneration melanophores requires kit for its development, whereas a later population of 'secondary' regeneration melanophores develops independently of kit (Rawls and Johnson, 2000).…”

Section: Differential Kit-dependence Of Regeneration Melanophores Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing evolution of adult phenotypes: genetic analyses ofkitreveal homology and evolutionary novelty during adult pigment pattern development ofDaniofishes

2007

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INTRODUCTIONIdentifying the mechanisms underlying evolutionary changes in form remains a central problem in biology. Analyses of molecular mechanisms provide insights into species and population differences (Shapiro et al., 2004;Yamamoto et al., 2004;Gompel et al., 2005;Hoekstra et al., 2006). Yet, evolutionary and developmental changes in gene activity, and their consequences for organismal form, are interpretable only in a cellular context. For many traits, this context remains poorly understood. A deeper knowledge of how genotypes are translated into phenotypes thus requires a focus on cells: how processes of morphogenesis and differentiation are orchestrated, and how these behaviors are modified within or between species (Parichy, 2005). Here, we test whether distinct cell populations underlying pigment stripe development in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, are present elsewhere in Danio, and how behaviors of these populations have changed evolutionarily.Pigment patterns of Danio fishes provide an opportunity to study genes underlying evolutionary change, the resulting cellular consequences, and how alterations in cell behaviors affect species differences in form. Danios exhibit virtually indistinguishable embryonic and early larval pigment patterns but a diverse array of adult pigment patterns, ranging from horizontal stripes to vertical bars, and from uniform patterns to alternating spots and lines (Quigley et al., 2004;Quigley et al., 2005;Parichy, 2006). Pigment cells comprising these patterns include black melanophores, yellow xanthophores, iridescent iridophores and red erythrophores (Kelsh, 2004;Parichy et al., 2006). Because the cells are readily visible, they allow for analyses of cell behaviors -and how these behaviors differ among species -even as pigment patterns develop in the living fish.Of the many danio adult pigment patterns, that of the zebrafish, D. rerio, is most studied: in a comparative context, the understanding of pattern-forming mechanisms in D. rerio can be used to suggest hypotheses for changes in genes and cell behaviors that may underlie pattern differences among species. Danio rerio embryos develop an early larval pigment pattern that is transformed into the adult pigment pattern beginning ~2 weeks post-fertilization. This metamorphosis involves the loss of embryonic/early larval melanophores and the appearance of 'metamorphic' melanophores that develop from latent precursors (Johnson et al., 1995;Parichy et al., 2000b;Parichy and Turner, 2003b;Quigley et al., 2004). After ~2 additional weeks, an early adult pigment pattern has formed, consisting of two dark 'primary' stripes of melanophores and a single light 'primary interstripe' of xanthophores and iridophores. During later growth, additional stripes and interstripes are added (Fig. 1A).Metamorphic melanophores in adult stripes of D. rerio appear homogeneous yet actually comprise two populations (Fig. 1B) (Johnson et al., 1995;Parichy et al., 1999;Parichy et al., 2000b The cellular bases for evolutionary changes in adult form rema...

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The development and the regeneration of the color pattern in brachydanio rerio

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Evolution of danio pigment pattern development

Evolution of danio pigment pattern development

Clonal analyses reveal roles of organ founding stem cells, melanocyte stem cells and melanoblasts in establishment, growth and regeneration of the adult zebrafish fin

Deconstructing evolution of adult phenotypes: genetic analyses ofkitreveal homology and evolutionary novelty during adult pigment pattern development ofDaniofishes

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